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Geography A Level > key terms > Flashcards

key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Constructive Margin

A

Occur at locations where plates diverge from each other

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2
Q

Hazard risk equation

A

The probability of a hazard event occurring and creating loss of lives and livelihoods

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3
Q

Tectonic hazard profiles

A

compare different hazards using shared criteria on scales

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4
Q

disaster

A

A major natural hazard that has caused significant social, environmental and economic damage

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5
Q

mitigation

A

Preventative methods designed to reduce the impacts of a hazard

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6
Q

Tectonic hazard

A

Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or secondary hazards such as tsunamis

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7
Q

Multiple hazard zone

A

when a vulnerable area experiences many types of hazards

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8
Q

Modify the vulnerability

A

techniques to better prepare communities for hazard events

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9
Q

collision margin

A

occur at destructive plate margins where both plates are continental, creating fold mountains

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10
Q

Hazard management cycle

A

A continuum of response, recovery, mitigation and preparation by governance in an area of tectonic hazard

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11
Q

Governance

A

The effectiveness of planning and management by a group of people

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12
Q

Vulnerability

A

The inability to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from a natural disaster

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13
Q

Modify the loss

A

Reducing the loss burden after a hazard event, such as through insurance or aid

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14
Q

Destructive margin

A

Occur at locations where two plates are moving towards each other

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15
Q

Pressure and release model

A

Explains the processes (root causes, dynamic pressures and unsafe conditions) generating vulnerability, and combines this with the hazard

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16
Q

Natural hazard

A

A naturally occurring process or event that has the potential to affect people

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17
Q

parks model

A

A framework used to understand resilience and recovery over time, by plotting quality of life

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18
Q

Resilience

A

The ability to protect lives, livelihoods and infrastructure from destruction, and to restore areas after a natural hazard has occurred

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19
Q

Transform margin

A

Occur at locations where plates slide past each other

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20
Q

Modify the event

A

Using engineering techniques to reduce the hazard intensity

21
Q

Mega-disaster

A

Large-scale disasters spatially, economically and socially which are difficult to manage and usually require international aid

22
Q

Development

A

The standard of living, wealth and quality of life common in an area

23
Q

Tectonic processes

A

Physical processes as a result of internal Earth structure and plate movement

24
Q

Geological structure

A

The layout of rock, including micro and macro-feature

25
Q

Isostatic

A

The movement of the land (either subsidence or accretion) relative to the sea

26
Q

Rocky coasts

A

An erosion dominant coast in a high energy environment, usually with resistant geology

27
Q

Weathering

A

The breakdown of rock in situ (in its place)

28
Q

Marine erosion

A

The removal of rock by wave action

29
Q

Submergent coastlines

A

Coastal landscapes resulting from a positive change in relative seal level

30
Q

Mass movement

A

The down slope movement of rock due to gravity

31
Q

Coastal flooding

A

when the sea water temporarily inundates the land

32
Q

Lithology

A

the properties of the strata of rock, such as resistance or permeability

33
Q

Cost benefit analysis

A

the weighing up of financial loss scenarios, with social and environment impacts, to aid policy decision making

34
Q

Littoral zone

A

A dynamic zone of change which includes the back shore, foreshore, nearshore and offshore

35
Q

Shoreline management plan

A

A plan of ICZM strategies for an entire sediment cell where a cost benefit analysis has been done

36
Q

coastal recession

A

The retreat of the coastline due to erosion and/ or sun aerial processes

37
Q

Sustainable management

A

Managing the wider coastal zone designed to cope with future threats (increased storm events, rising sea levels) for an overall social, economic and environmental benefit

38
Q

Coastal landscapes

A

The combination of different physical features at the coast, including rocky, sandy and estuarine

39
Q

Environmental impact assessment

A

A report of the short and long term impacts of potential policy decisions on physical processes, fauna and flora

40
Q

sediment cell concept

A

A system where sediment is sources transfers and sinks resulting in an dynamic equilibrium

41
Q

Sea level change

A

The relative movement of the position of the sea compared to the land

42
Q

emergent coastlines

A

Coastal landscapes resulting from a negative change in relative sea level

43
Q

Discordant coastlines

A

Where strata are laid out at an angle to the coastline, creating features such as headlands and bays

44
Q

Sub-aerial processes

A

Non-marine processes operating at the coast, including weathering and mass movement

45
Q

Integrated Coastal Zone management

A

brings together groups and stakeholders with a range of different interests to share ideas and to establish sustainable levels of economic and social activity, while protecting the coastal environment

46
Q

Coastal plain landscapes

A

found in areas of low relief with low energy and deposition dominant sandy or estuarine environments

47
Q

Hard engineering processes

A

man made structures built to directly alter physical processes at the coast in order to protect it from erosion or flooding

48
Q

Concordant coastlines

A

A coastline where strata is found in parallel bands

49
Q

Eustatic

A

A change in the volume of water in the oceans

Geography A Level (16 decks)

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