key terms Flashcards
Constructive Margin
Occur at locations where plates diverge from each other
Hazard risk equation
The probability of a hazard event occurring and creating loss of lives and livelihoods
Tectonic hazard profiles
compare different hazards using shared criteria on scales
disaster
A major natural hazard that has caused significant social, environmental and economic damage
mitigation
Preventative methods designed to reduce the impacts of a hazard
Tectonic hazard
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or secondary hazards such as tsunamis
Multiple hazard zone
when a vulnerable area experiences many types of hazards
Modify the vulnerability
techniques to better prepare communities for hazard events
collision margin
occur at destructive plate margins where both plates are continental, creating fold mountains
Hazard management cycle
A continuum of response, recovery, mitigation and preparation by governance in an area of tectonic hazard
Governance
The effectiveness of planning and management by a group of people
Vulnerability
The inability to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from a natural disaster
Modify the loss
Reducing the loss burden after a hazard event, such as through insurance or aid
Destructive margin
Occur at locations where two plates are moving towards each other
Pressure and release model
Explains the processes (root causes, dynamic pressures and unsafe conditions) generating vulnerability, and combines this with the hazard
Natural hazard
A naturally occurring process or event that has the potential to affect people
parks model
A framework used to understand resilience and recovery over time, by plotting quality of life
Resilience
The ability to protect lives, livelihoods and infrastructure from destruction, and to restore areas after a natural hazard has occurred
Transform margin
Occur at locations where plates slide past each other
Modify the event
Using engineering techniques to reduce the hazard intensity
Mega-disaster
Large-scale disasters spatially, economically and socially which are difficult to manage and usually require international aid
Development
The standard of living, wealth and quality of life common in an area
Tectonic processes
Physical processes as a result of internal Earth structure and plate movement
Geological structure
The layout of rock, including micro and macro-feature
Isostatic
The movement of the land (either subsidence or accretion) relative to the sea
Rocky coasts
An erosion dominant coast in a high energy environment, usually with resistant geology
Weathering
The breakdown of rock in situ (in its place)
Marine erosion
The removal of rock by wave action
Submergent coastlines
Coastal landscapes resulting from a positive change in relative seal level
Mass movement
The down slope movement of rock due to gravity
Coastal flooding
when the sea water temporarily inundates the land
Lithology
the properties of the strata of rock, such as resistance or permeability
Cost benefit analysis
the weighing up of financial loss scenarios, with social and environment impacts, to aid policy decision making
Littoral zone
A dynamic zone of change which includes the back shore, foreshore, nearshore and offshore
Shoreline management plan
A plan of ICZM strategies for an entire sediment cell where a cost benefit analysis has been done
coastal recession
The retreat of the coastline due to erosion and/ or sun aerial processes
Sustainable management
Managing the wider coastal zone designed to cope with future threats (increased storm events, rising sea levels) for an overall social, economic and environmental benefit
Coastal landscapes
The combination of different physical features at the coast, including rocky, sandy and estuarine
Environmental impact assessment
A report of the short and long term impacts of potential policy decisions on physical processes, fauna and flora
sediment cell concept
A system where sediment is sources transfers and sinks resulting in an dynamic equilibrium
Sea level change
The relative movement of the position of the sea compared to the land
emergent coastlines
Coastal landscapes resulting from a negative change in relative sea level
Discordant coastlines
Where strata are laid out at an angle to the coastline, creating features such as headlands and bays
Sub-aerial processes
Non-marine processes operating at the coast, including weathering and mass movement
Integrated Coastal Zone management
brings together groups and stakeholders with a range of different interests to share ideas and to establish sustainable levels of economic and social activity, while protecting the coastal environment
Coastal plain landscapes
found in areas of low relief with low energy and deposition dominant sandy or estuarine environments
Hard engineering processes
man made structures built to directly alter physical processes at the coast in order to protect it from erosion or flooding
Concordant coastlines
A coastline where strata is found in parallel bands
Eustatic
A change in the volume of water in the oceans
