Key Question 4: The Significance Of The Main Protests & Rebellions Against Tudor Monarchs 1509-1569 Flashcards
1
Q
What makes a good rebellion?
A
- both elites and non-elites involved
- elite leading while non-elites provide the numbers
- rebellion failed if the lead knew nothing about politics
2
Q
What were the causes of the pilgrimage of Grace 1536 rebellion?
A
- due to the closure of the monasteries the providence of charity was taken away. People were afraid the change would corrupt their immortal souls
- complained about the heretical bishop called Thomas Cramner who supported the break with Rome
- complained Henry listen to baseborn counsellors and the pilgrims insisted they were not loyal to the king
- the north felt that centralisation of government in the south would mean the end of their distinctive local rights
- objections to peacetime taxation called the lay subsidy tax of 10% of income was demanded in 1534
- poor harvest in 1535 and 1536 which motivated people to want more help
3
Q
Who are the leaders of the pilgrimage of Grace 1536 rebellion?
A
- Robert Aske who is a gentry lawyer
- Lord Darcy and Lord Hussey who were elderly nobles
- Sir Robert Bowe also gentry
- took place in Lincolnshire and North Yorkshire
4
Q
What were the events of the pilgrimage of Grace 1536 rebellion?
A
- October 1536 rising in Lincolnshire
- 13 October rising in Yorkshire led by Robert Aske and pilgrims spread further
- 21 October Darcy surrendered Pontefract Castle
- 27 October 30,000 pilgrims met royal army of 8,000 led by Duke of Norfolk
- January 1537 there was a rising in Yorks led by Sir Francis Bigod and a riot in Carlisle
5
Q
What were the results of the pilgrimage of Grace 1536 rebellion?
A
- Aske, Darcy and 178 pilgrims were executed
- Henry eased up on the new tax and visited the north
- religious policy did not change
- protected protests by calling them pilgrims and saviours, they were not rebels
- Aske raise the army using the Kings own muster system and fed and paid them which is why they stayed so long
6
Q
What were the threats posed from the pilgrimage of Grace in 1536 rebellion?
A
- best organised revolt of cheat period raising numbers to 40,000 which outnumbered royal force is 5 to one
- pilgrims held Pontefract castle and took York a major city in northern England
- Henry was willing to negotiate, risky using Duke of Norfolk as he could’ve joined the revolt
7
Q
How can the pilgrimage of Grace 1536 rebellion be seen as not a threat?
A
- rebels did not aim to overthrow Henry
- aimed at reversing policy but not changing the dynasty
- rebels did not march south and so did not get close to London - less of a threat geologically
- rebels are willing to negotiate
- rebels believed in great chain of being
- actually hasting the closing of the monasteries
8
Q
What were the causes of the western/prayer book rebellion in 1549?
A
- opposition to the introduction of Cramner protestant book of common prayer and the active uniformity in 1547
- against the other Protestant reforms such as banning of religious processions and pilgrimages, closure of chantries
- arch Deacon William body was charged to carry out changes he was protestant and greedy, generally there was support for Catholicism as there is a dislike for the attack on the monasteries
- Anthony Fletcher believe that to interpret in the religion as solely religious would be a vast simplification
- complaints about the tax pole on sheep and the rising crisis of wheat, rent and enclosure
9
Q
Who are the leaders of the Western/prayer book Rebellion 1549?
A
- Humphrey Arundell amount of influence he could lead the rebels of Cornwall and of gentry
- Robert Welsh was a Vicar at Saint Thomases was condemned to death for his part in proceedings
10
Q
What were the events of the Western/prayer book rebellion 1549?
A
- the first set of articles demands changes which will repel the tax on sheep and cloth however by the time the second set of articles written the grievances are mainly of a religious nature
- the second set of articles
~ six articles to be used again so that religion is restored to the time of Henry VIII
~ those who didn’t expect were treated as heretics
~ cardinal pole pardoned
11
Q
What were the results of the Western/prayerbook rebellion? 1549?
A
- 3-4000 rebels killed
- Robert Welsh was a Vicar at St Thomas and was hanged from his church tower
- hostility towards the government deepened
12
Q
What was the threat posed by the western/prayerbook rebellion 1549?
A
- local nobles failed to take action against the rebellion
- problems raising forces against the rebels as they were needed elsewhere
- rebels rejected government religious politics
13
Q
Why was the western/prayer book rebellion 1549 considered not a threat?
A
- no cross regional cooperation
- rebellion was not directed against the king
- there was no attempt to march on London
- lack of nobility and aristocratic leadership
14
Q
What were the causes of the Kett’s rebellion 1549?
A
- enclosure when the old 3 fired system was removed and enclosed farms, many people were left unemployed - enclosure was good for landlords and farmers who could afford to rent new farms but it caused hardship
- landlords broke the law by closing the common land which caused even more problems laws were passed against enclosure
- in and around Norwich 6% of people own 60% of wealth
- East Anglia peasants had no rights
- protestant changes weren’t put in place quick enough people still wanted Catholicism
- political support for rebellion and they had support of the Duke of Somerset when they destroyed enclosures
15
Q
Who are the leaders of the Kett’s rebellion 1549?
A
- Robert and William Kett were local heroes after pulling down their enclosures
- had no military experience as moved to DussinDale showed he had no knowledge of politics and they do not understand the sort of faction rivalry that existed at the court
16
Q
What were the events of the Kett’s rebellion of 1549?
A
- June 1549 villagers pulled down enclosures
- 12 July he set up camp on Mousehold Heath with 16,000 men and they provided provisions
- 21 July government Harold arrived offer pardons the rebels if they disappeared they refused and did not see themselves as rebels
- 23 August 12,000 men or rebels except Kett offered a pardon
- 24 August 1000 foreign mercenaries arrived
- 26 August Warwick used his cavalry in 3000 rebels were killed
- 27 August Kett was killed
17
Q
What were the results of the Kett’s rebellion of 1549?
A
- Kett was hanged outside the Norwich castle
- William was hanged
- 50 of the rebels were executed
- Somerset slow response to the crisis was one of the causes of its downfall
18
Q
What were the threats posed in the Kett’s rebellion of 1549?
A
- closest thing to class conflict that England saw in this period
- showed weakness of the system for preventing uprising
19
Q
What were the reasons that the Kett’s rebellion of 1549 was not a threat?
A
- no threat to monarchy
- no intention of marching on London
- large number of men but no elite leadership
- not a political conspiracy
20
Q
What were the causes of the Wyatt’s rebellion in the 1554?
A
- objections to Spanish marriage feared that Mary had a son with Philip he would be raised in Spain
- Edward Courtenay great grandson of Edward IV he was a protestant in English however Mary was set on Philip plots then thought he was a husband of for Elizabeth many suggested this was a rebellion to get Elizabeth on the throne
- to gain position of power
21
Q
Who is the leaders of the Wyatt’s rebellion in 1554?
A
- Henry Gray Duke of Suffolk in the Midlands he was Lady Jane Grace‘s father
- so James Croft came from an influential family in Herefordshire. He had been Lord deputy in Ireland
- Sir Peter Carew I’ve put down the western rebellion in 1549 and became MP of them for Shire in 1553
- Sir Thomas Wyatt set up and trained in Kent he was an important land donor owning large areas of London Kent and had great influence
- all elites
22
Q
What were the events of the Watt’s rebelion in 1554?
A
- Jan 1554 Imperial ambassador discovered plot and told Mary
- uprising brought forward from march to January
- anti Spanish propaganda raised
- Sir Robert Southwell prevented troops from reaching Wyatt
- 30 January stopped capture at cooling castle
- 31 January offered negotiation
23
Q
What were the results of the Wyatt Rebellion 1554?
A
- Mary named Wyatt a co rank traitor and called on loyalty of Londoners
- Wyatt, Suffolk, Jane Grey (16) and Guilford Dudley (19)
- 76 Londoners were convicted, 45 hanged
- 350 Kentishmen were convicted only 30 hanged
- treaty with Spain = Philip had no real power in England, no foreigner in privy council, England not involved in Philip’s war, marriage was childless the throne Elizabeth
24
Q
What threat did the Wyatt’s rebellion 1554 pose?
A
- elite leadership, knowledge of high politics and rebels were well trained
- foreign involvement as France agreed to provide naval support and held back Spain
- Wyatt created a power vacuum in Kent
- Kent was important ‘garden of England’ as it was rich in farmland and Channel support
- showed weakness for system in dealing with crisis
25
Q
Why was there not much threat posed by the Wyatt’s rebellion 1554?
A
- only 3,000 men and not enough support from elites
- plan fell apart and was exposed
- no one fought in winter and road had bad communication
- plan was too ambitious
- England and Wales were loyal to their monarch
26
Q
What were the causes of the Revolt of Northern Earls 1569?
A
- growth of the nation state abused the semi independence of the north
- precies (Northumberland) and Nevilles (Westmorland) had their influence slip away
- attempt to shake the growing power of the monarch and Earl of Sussex was court of the north
- Earl of Northumberland mad because Elizabeth took his authority away
- not accept Northumberland right to claim profits from copper mines discovered on his estates
- people still want old religion back
- wanted Mary Queen of Scots on the throne
27
Q
Who were the leaders of the revolt of the northern earls 1569?
A
- Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk he conspired to marry Mary queen of Scot’s
~ supported by Elizabeth courtiers and wanted to discredit Cecil - Thomas Percy was earl of Northumberland wanted to restore Catholicism
- Charles Neville Earl of Westmorland and was brother in aw and one of original conspirators
28
Q
What were the events of the revolt of Northern earls 1569?
A
- Elizabeth summoned Norfolk to court in September it he never showed up
- Norfolk sent a message to north saying not to rise and then he went to see Elizabeth
- north was confused and they planned a rising but people began to make inquiries
- Elizabeth summoned two earls to London and this sparked a rebellion
- start of November about 6,000 rebels marched to Durham cathedral where they removed traces of Protestantism
29
Q
Results and threat posed by the revolt of Northern Earls 1569?
A
- Elizabeth ordered 700 rebels should be executed
- Sir George Bowes who was supposed to carry out the order for executions
- earl of Westmorland escaped, Northumberland and Norfolk was handed over to England and beheaded
- council of north was strengthened
- due to revolt Elizabeth and her PC became worried about the way the poor and unemployed joined in the rebellion, as a result a harsh campaign against the poor was started and ran from 1569-1572
- this was the whipping campaign and was used as punishment for dangerous poor/vagabonds
30
Q
What was the reason the revolt of northern earls 1569 was not a threat?
A
- no Spanish invasion - Mary was french Spain hated french
- good royalist men in north - Lord Scope, Sir John Forster and Sussex contained rebellion
- disorganised and badly led
- no desire for a foreign Queen and policy of toleration put in place
- 10,000 men against rebels
