Key points

Question 1

Antibiotics that causes CDAD

Answer 1

Clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone

Question 2

ABX contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, cotrimoxazole

Question 3

ABX contraindicated in hepatic dysfunction

Answer 3

Macrolides (erythromycin), ceftriaxone, metronidazole, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 4

ABX contraindicated in G6PD (ie. fava beans)

Answer 4

Fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, tetracyclines

Question 5

ABX that cover atypicals

Answer 5

Macrolides, Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones (Levo & moxi)

Question 6

ABX that cover MRSA

Answer 6

Ceftriazoline, vancomycin, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, tigecycline, linezolid (last 3 not used frequently)

Question 7

ABX to cover MRSA, multi-resistant strep, vancomycin-resistant, extended spectrum beta lactamase

Answer 7

Tigecycline, linezolid

Question 8

Broad spectrum ABX

Answer 8

Tetracycline, piperacillin & tazobactam

Question 9

Macrolide covers

Answer 9

Gram positive and atypicals

Question 10

ABX for anaerobes

Answer 10

Carbapenems, clindamycin

Question 11

Broad spectrum Gram NEGATIVE

Answer 11

Aminoglycoside, ciprofloxacin, 3rd to 5th gen cephalosporins

Question 12

Broad spectrum Gram POSITIVE

Answer 12

Macrolide, Cephalosporin, Co-amoxiclav, piperacillin-tazobactam

Question 13

Compare coverage of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

Answer 13

Ciprofloxacin: Broad gram negative **high risk of CDAD
Levo/Moxi: Gram positive and ATYPICAL

Question 14

Treatment for UTI espeically RECURRENT UTI

Answer 14

Cotrimoxazole

Question 15

Which drug colours urine brown?

Answer 15

Nitrofurantoin

Question 16

List 4 bacterial EXOtoxins

Answer 16

1. Diphtheria toxin: inhibit protein synthesis
2. Tetanus toxin: spasms
3. Cholera toxin: increase cAMP
4. Botulinum: flaccid paralysis

Question 17

List the 4 nosocomial bacterial infections and what kind of infection do they cause

Answer 17

1. Pseudomonas - SSTI, keratitis, otitis externa
2. Staph aureus - pneumonia, UTI (especially with medical devices like ventilators and catheters), endocarditis
3. Klebsiella - UTI
4. Acinetobacter - ICU pneumonia

Question 18

List the bacteria that tend to affect ONLY the immunocompromised

Answer 18

Listeria monocytogenes, Nocardia, Moraxella catarharris, Burkholderia, Legionella pneumophila, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Question 19

List the fungi that tend to affect ONLY the immunocompromised

Answer 19

Pneumocystis jirovecii, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus

Question 20

List the viruses that tend to affect ONLY the immunocompromised

Answer 20

CMV, HHV8, VZV, EBV