Fungi

Question 1

List the two types of fungi

Answer 1

Filamentous and yeast

Question 2

List the 3 types of superficial fungal infection

Answer 2

Dermatophyte, Pityriasis Versicolour, ** CANDIDA ALBICANS - CANDIDIASIS

Question 3

List the 3 types of dermatophye

Answer 3

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

Question 4

What is the clinical feature of dermatophyte infection?

Answer 4

Tinea rash

Question 5

What is the clinical feature of pityriasis versicolour?

Answer 5

Hyper and hypopigmentation

Question 6

What is the clinical feature of candida albicans?

Answer 6

Candidiasis:
1. Oral thrust
2. Vaginal yeast infection

Question 7

List the special feature of pityriasis versicolour & candida albicans

Answer 7

Di-morphic (both filamentous and yeast)

Question 8

What is the first line drug (s) for oral candida?

Answer 8

Nystatin & Echinocandins

Question 9

What is the first line drug (s) for oral candida, if the patient is pregnant?

Answer 9

Nystatin

Question 10

What is the first line drug (s) for oral candida, if the patient has kidney impairment?

Answer 10

Echinocandins

Question 11

What is the organism that causes subcutaenous fungal infection?

Answer 11

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 12

Clinical feature of subcutaenous fungal infection

Answer 12

Sporotrichosis - Rose gardener disease
- Deep red lesions along a lymphatic system (一粒粒 of infected lymph nodes)
- Under microscope, fungi look like a rose garden

Question 13

List the 4 types of systemic fungal infection

Answer 13

Cryptococcus, Aspergillosis, Systemic candida & Mucormycosis

Question 14

What are the 2 types of cryptococcus and which causes diease?

Answer 14

Neoformans (meningitis) and gattii.

Question 15

How does cryptococcus and aspergillus spp. enter our bodies?

Answer 15

Inhalation

Question 16

Which group of patients is susceptible to systemic fungal infections?

Answer 16

Immunocompromised

Question 17

What diseases do cryptococcus cause?

Answer 17

Pneumonia and meningitis

Question 18

What diseases do aspergillus cause and describe the disease

Answer 18

Pulmonary aspergillosis - fungal balls in the lung that can be seen in an Xray

Question 19

How is cryptococcus identified under microscope?

Answer 19

Stain with india ink because it is a CAPSULATED yeast

Question 20

What diseases do systemic candida cause

Answer 20

Fungal balls in the retina, Hepatosplenic candidiasis

Question 21

What diseases do mucormycosis cause

Answer 21

Black skin lesions on wrist and ‘cheerios’ signs in the lungs

Question 22

List the other 2 di-morphic fungi

Answer 22

Pneumocystis jiroveci & Talaromyces marneffei

Question 23

Describe Pneumocystis jiroveci

Answer 23

• Pnemonia in immunocompromised patients (esp AIDS)
• Does not respond to antifungals but to antibiotics: co-trimoxazole
• Microscopy need to use SILVER STAIN
• Cannot diagnose with culture

Question 24

Describe Talaromyces marneffei

Answer 24

• Severe skin lesions in immunocompromised patients (esp AIDS)
• Diagnosed via culture in red pigment due to characteristic appearance: red mouldy sponge

Question 25

What is the first line drug for cryptococcus meningitis?

Answer 25

Amp B + 5 Flucytosine

Question 26

What is the first line drug for aspergillosis?

Answer 26

Voriconazole