Key Individuals 1857-90 Flashcards
Revise
What was General Gordon sent to oversee?
The evacuation of British and Egyptian troops for Khartoum in 1884.
What happened as a result in Sudan?
Gordon was overrun in 1885, and was beheaded. Became a martyr and portrayed as a saint in the British Press. Gladstone however didn’t change tact.
How much control did a Viceroy have and what were some of the actions they did?
Had full executive power. Lytton is one example, he mishandled the Great famine and the Anglo-Afgan War.
Who was William Mackinnon and what did he found?
Mackinnon was a shipping magnate. Founded Imperial British East Africa Company. Granted a charter in 1888, established British Control in Uganda and Kenya.
Who founded Royal Niger Company and why was it eventually given a charter?
George Goldie founded the RNC, only given a charter in 1886 to confront threats against German and French influence.
Who was Cecil Rhodes and what did he do?
Founded British South Africa Company Given a charter and allowed to seize the areas of land later known as Rhodesia. Given a charter 1889.
What role did explorers play in the Empire?
Cartography, exploration of navigational rivers for trade, Genesis theory (to name something implies possession), inspiration through lectures and books.
Name me two explorers aside from Livingstone and the areas they explored.
Sir Richard Burton, Mecca/Islamic cities as well as Somalia and Zanzibar. John Hanning Speke, Source of the Nile, Lake Victoria, Ripon Falls.
How did missionaries encourage Empire?
Provided intel for the British like explorers. Called for military support which inadvertently expanded territory, developed trade links, called for Britain to annex certain territories eg John Mackenzie to annex Bechuanaland.
How did Missionaries inhibit Empire?
Educated natives can often have more resistance. In India the influx of missionaries caused revolts and mutinies. Worked with missionaries from other nations.
What was a ‘man-on-the-spot’
Company Directors, governors and high commissioners. Able to make decisions and run colonies, could expand without oversight.
Who were the important ‘men-on-the-spot’
Bartle Frere, Evelyn Baring.
What did Evelyn Baring do?
Returned to Egypt in 1882 as Consul-General, approved Dufferin report and established puppet parliament. Asserted Wneed for veiled protectorate.
What did Bartle Frere do?
High Commissioner and Governor of Cape Colony. Started Zulu War, very costly, was removed by liberal Prime-Minister Gladstone.
Who made the Crystal Palace speech and what did it achieve?
Benjamin Disraeli. Provoked feelings of pro-imperialism. Made the Conservative party the party of Empire.
