Key figures Flashcards
Karl Marx
• (1818-1883)
• German Jew who wrote the communist manifesto with Friedrich Engels in 1848 - it was translated into russian in 1869
• Published ‘Das Kapital’ 1867 and subsequent ones in 1885 and 1894
• Das Kapital published in russia 1872
• Believed Britain and western Europe reached stage 4 of his theory
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin)
•1870-1924
• came from professional family, trained as a lawyer
• brought to the attention of the secret police
• In exile in Siberia when new SPD launched 1898
• 1902 produced a pamphlet that argued the party needed to redirect workers away from trade unionism
• SD’s split in 1903 into Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks
Julius Martov
• 1873-1920
• Jewish middle class background
• helped found the emancipation of labour and the social democratic movement
• contributed to the party journal Iskra
• favoured working through trade unions, cooperatives and soviets to destroy gov
• not invited to join the bolshevik gov after october 1917 & mensheviks banned 1918
• exiled 1920
Tsarina Alexandra
• German father, her mother was the youngest child of queen victoria
• Abandoned protestant faith, converted to Russian orthodox
• Comfort to Nicholas, lack of political understanding
• Devotion to Rasputin Weakened her position
Viktor Chernov
• Attracted to populist cause, became engaged in revolutionary activity as a teen
• 1894 joined ppls will and arrested, spent time in exile
• provided intellectual input to founding of socialist revolutionary party
Alexsandr Guchkov
• Wealthy Moscow businessman - became leader of Octobrists
• Minister of war and navy in Prov Gov 1917 - resigned when war continuation policy rejected
• Supported Whites in the civil War
Aleksandr Kerensky
• leading socialist in government
• Minister of justice then war then prime minister
• the face of prov gov after Lvov
• Maintained military morale and political stability
• Member of the prov gov and pet sov
Prince Lvov
• Wealthy aristocratic landowner
• began to career as a lawyer in 1905 - joined constitutional democratic party (kadets)
• Became chairman of union of zemvsta 1914 & leader of Zemgor 1915
• Head of prov gov march - july 1917
• arrested by the bolsheviks
Julius Martov
• Jewish middle class background
• helped found the emancipation of labour and the social democrat movement
• contributed to the party journal iskra - editor from 1903-1905
Pavel Milyulov
• Academic historian - founded the constitutional democrat party (kadets) 1905
• became foreign minister 1917 of prov gov - forced out in may as he supported the war effort
• emigrated to paris after the civil war
Tsar Nicholas II
• Never wanted to be Tsar, needed to fulfil divine calling
• uphold autocracy
• found escape with his family
• lost control during the revolution
• tsarist army shot crowds demanding reform
• established duma but took its control away frequently
Gregorii Rasputin
• was self ordained from Russian steppes
• Represented the corruption of the royal court
• Attempted to cure the prince’s haemophilia
• his presence at court threatened disaster
Mikhail Rodzianko
• Wealthy landowner who joined the Octobrists
• Chairman of the fourth Duma
• Supported Russian entry into WW1
• Tried to serve the tsar loyally - but set up prov gov
• Head of Duma provisional committee
Leon Trotsky
• exiled to siberia in 1898 for involvement in radical groups and studying work of Marx
• Escaped using a passport in the name of a prison guard (1902)
• Became Bolshevik - chaired pet sov
• Became commissar for foreign affairs
