Key Definitions Flashcards
Anion
A anion is a negative ion, formed when an atom gains electron(s).
Cation
A cation is a positive ion, formed when an atom loses electron(s
Ionic bonds
Ionic bonds are attractive forces between oppositely charged ions.
Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
Dipole
A dipole is the separation of charge in a molecule when the electrons in covalent bonds are evenly shared.
Polar molecule
A polar molecule is a molecule containing a dipole.
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds are weak electrostatic intermolecular bonds formed between polar molecules containing at least one hydrogen atom.
Monomer
Monomer - This is a small molecule that is a single unit of a larger molecule called a polymer.
Polymer
Polymer - This is a long chain molecule made up of many smaller repeating monomer units joined together by chemical bonds.
Macromolecule
Macromolecule - This is a very large molecule often formed by polymerisation.
Starch
Starch is a long chain polymer formed of a-glucose monomers.
Sucrose
Sucrose is a sweet tasting disaccharide formed by joining of a-glucose and fructose by a glycosidic bond.
Glucose
Glucose is a hexose sugar.
Monosaccharide
A Monosaccharide is a single sugar monomer.
Disaccharide
A Disaccharide is a sugar made up of 2 monosaccharide units joined by a glycosidic bond.
