Key Definitions

Question 1

Relative Isotopic Mass

Answer 1

Is the mass of an atom of an isotope in comparison to the mass of 1/12 of a carbon-12 atom

Question 2

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 2

Is the weighted average mass of an atom of an element in comparison to the mass of 1/12 of a carbon-12 atom.

Question 3

Stereoisomer

Answer 3

A stereoisomer has the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 4

Isotope

Answer 4

An atom of the same element with different number of neutrons

Question 5

Electronegativity

Answer 5

The ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 6

Covalent Bond

Answer 6

The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the bonded atoms nuclei

Question 7

Ionic Bond

Answer 7

The electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions

Question 8

Metallic Bond

Answer 8

The electrostatic attraction between positive metal cations and delocalised electrons

Question 9

Homologous Series

Answer 9

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group, but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 10

Sigma Bond

Answer 10

(Alkanes) the result of two overlapping atomic orbitals, one from each bonded atom

Question 11

Aromatic Compounds

Answer 11

contain a benzene ring

Question 12

Aliphatic compounds

Answer 12

Carbon and hydrogen joint together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Question 13

Alicylic Compounds

Answer 13

Are aliphatic compounds in non aromatic rings or without side chains

Question 14

Homolytic Fission

Answer 14

When a covalent bond breaks and each bonded atom receives one of the shared pairs of electrons, forming radicals

Question 15

Heterolytic Fission

Answer 15

When a covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons, forming ions

Question 16

Radical

Answer 16

A particle that has an unpaired electron, they’re very reactive

Question 17

Structural Isomer

Answer 17

A molecule with the same molecular formula but the structural formula is different

Question 18

Functional Isomer

Answer 18

There are different functional groups i.e. ketone or aldeyhde

Question 19

Positional Isomer

Answer 19

Functional group is attached to different places on the hydrocarbon chain

Question 20

Chain Isomer

Answer 20

When the hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently.

Question 21

Redox

Answer 21

When oxidation and reduction occur at the same time

Question 22

Reducing Agent

Answer 22

A substance that donates electrons to reduce another species

Question 23

Oxidising Agent

Answer 23

A substances that accepts electrons to oxidise another species

Question 24

Oxidation

Answer 24

Gain of oxygen and/or the loss of electrons

Question 25

Reduction

Answer 25

Loss of oxygen/gain of electrons