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Geography - key definitions > Key Definition - Rivers > Flashcards

Key Definition - Rivers Flashcards

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1
Q

Long Profile

A

The gradient of a river, from its source to its mouth

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2
Q

The gradient of a river, from its source to its mouth

A

Long profile

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3
Q

Cross Profile

A

The side by side cross-section of a river channel or valley

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4
Q

The side by side cross-section of a river channel or valley

A

Cross Profile

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5
Q

Erosion

A

Wearing away & removal of material by a river

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6
Q

Wearing away & removal of material by a river.

A

Erosion

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7
Q

Transportation

A

The movement of eroded material

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8
Q

The movement of eroded material.

A

transportation

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9
Q

Deposition

A

Occurs when material being transported by a river is dropped due to it losing energy

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10
Q

Occurs when material being transported by a river is dropped due to its energy

A

Deposition

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11
Q

Interlocking spur

A

Where the mountain streams weave there way through the V-shaped valley & around the fingers of the land that juts out

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12
Q

Where the mountain streams weave their way through the V-shaped valley & around the fingers of the land that juts out

A

Interlocking spur

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13
Q

waterfall

A

A step in the long profile of a river usually formed when a river crosses over a hard (resisdent) band rock.

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14
Q

A step in the long profile of a river usually formed when a river crosses over a hard (resisdent) band rock.

A

Waterfall

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15
Q

Gorge

A

A narrow steep-sided valley, often formed as a waterfall retreats upstream

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16
Q

A narrow steep-sided valley, often formed as a waterfall retreats upstream

A

Gorge

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17
Q

Meander

A

A wide bend in a river

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18
Q

A wide bend in a river

A

Meander

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19
Q

Ox-bow lake

A

An arc-shaped lake on a floodplain formed by a cut-off meander.

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20
Q

An arc-shaped lake on a floodplain formed by a cut-off meander.

A

Ox-bow lake

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21
Q

Levee

A

Raised bank found on either side of a river, formed or built up by people to protect against flooding

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22
Q

Raised bank found on either side of a river, formed or built up by people to protect against flooding

A

Levee

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23
Q

Floodplain

A

Relatively flat area forming the valley floor either side of a river channel that sometimes floods

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24
Q

Relatively flat area forming the valley floor either side of a river channel that sometimes floods

A

Floodplain

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25
Q

Estuary

A

Tidal mouth of amriver where it meets the sea, wide banks of deposited mud are exposed at low tide

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26
Q

Tidal mouth of amriver where it meets the sea, wide banks of deposited mud are exposed at low tide

A

Estuary

27
Q

Hydrograph

A

A graph which shows the discharge of a river, related to rainfall, over a period of time

28
Q

A graph which shows the discharge of a river, related to rainfall, over a period of time

A

Hydrograph

29
Q

Discharge

A

Quantity of water that passes á given point on a stream or river bank within a given period of time.

30
Q

Quantity of water that passes á given point on a stream or river bank within a given period of time.

A

Discharge

31
Q

Hard engineering

A

Using concrete or large artificial structures to defend against natural proccesses, either coastal, fluvial or glacial

32
Q

Using concrete or large artificial structures to defend against natural proccesses, either coastal, fluvial or glacial

A

Hard engineering

33
Q

Soft engineering

A

Managing erosion by working with natural proccesses to reduce the risk of flooding

34
Q

Managing erosion by working with natural proccesses to reduce the risk of flooding

A

Soft engineering

35
Q

Drainage basin

A

An area of land draind by a river and it’s tributaries

36
Q

An area of land draind by a river and it’s tributaries

A

Drainage basin

37
Q

V-shaped valley

A

When a river its source, it often develops a V-shaped valley as the river erode down (this is called vertical erosion)

38
Q

When a river its source, it often develops a V-shaped valley as the river erode down (this is called vertical erosion)

A

V-shaped valley

39
Q

Flood

A

Where river discharge exceeds river channel capacity and water spills onto the flood plain

40
Q

Where river discharge exceeds river channel capacity and water spills onto the flood plain

A

Flood

41
Q

Relief

A

The height above the sea level, steepness of slopes and shapes physical features

42
Q

The height above the sea level, steepness of slopes and shapes physical features

A

Relief

43
Q

Geology

A

Rocks that form the landscapes

44
Q

Rocks that form the landscapes

A

Geology

45
Q

bed

A

Bottom of the river

46
Q

Bottom of the river

A

bed

47
Q

Bank

A

Side of the river

48
Q

Side of the river

A

Bank

49
Q

Load

A

The material carried by the river

50
Q

The material carried by the river

A

Load

51
Q

Channel

A

Pathway where the river travels

52
Q

Pathway where the river travels

A

Channel

53
Q

4 types of erosion

A

Abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and solution

54
Q

Abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and solution

A

4 types of erosion

55
Q

Hydraulic action

A

the sheer force of the water hitting the bed and banks. This is more effective when the water is moving fast and there is a lot of it.

56
Q

the sheer force of the water hitting the bed and banks. This is more effective when the water is moving fast and there is a lot of it.

A

Hydraulic action

57
Q

Abrasion

A

Occurs when the load the river is carrying repeatedly hits the river bed and banks, causing some of the material to break off.

58
Q

Occurs when the load the river is carrying repeatedly hits the river bed and banks, causing some of the material to break off.

A

Abrasion

59
Q

Attrition

A

Is when stones and boulders carried by the river which knocks against each other and over time are weakened causing bits to fall off and reduce in size

60
Q

Is when stones and boulders carried by the river which knocks against each other and over time are weakened causing bits to fall off and reduce in size

A

Attrition

61
Q

Solution

A

Occurs only when the river flows on certain types of rocks such as chalk and limestone. These are soluble in rainwater and become part of the water as they are dissolved by it.

62
Q

Occurs only when the river flows on certain types of rocks such as chalk and limestone. These are soluble in rainwater and become part of the water as they are dissolved by it.

A

Solution

63
Q

Vertical erosion

A

When the river erodes downwards - which forms a V-shape valley

64
Q

When the river erodes downwards - which forms a V-shape valley

A

Vertical erosion

Geography - key definitions (14 decks)

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