Key concepts in Biology Flashcards
What is a Cell?
The smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all life’s processes.
What are Animal and Plant cells called?
Eukaryotic cells
What is in a Eukaryotic cell?
Cell membrane, Cytoplasm and a Nucleus containing DNA.
What are Bacterial cells called?
Prokaryotic cells.
What is in a Prokaryotic cell?
Cell wall, Cell membrane, cytoplasm and Singular strand of DNA and Plasmids.
What is the function of a Nucleus?
Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
Where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains Enzymes which control these chemical reactions.
What is the function of the Cell membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what enters and exits the cell.
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
These are where most of the reactions for respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What is the function of the Ribosomes?
Involved in translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins.
What is the function of the Cell wall?
Made of cellulose, it supports the cell and strengthens it.
What is the function of the Vacuole?
Contains cell sap, store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive.
What is the function of the Chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis occurs, contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What is the function of Chromosomal Dna (one long circular chromosome) in the Bacterial cell?
Controls cell’s activities and replication. Floats free in the cytoplasm.
What is the function of the Plasmid DNA?
Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. contains genes for things like drug resistance.
What is the function of the Flagellum?
Long, hair like structure that rotates to make the bacterium move, used to move bacteria away from harmful substances.
What is a Specialised cell?
A cell which has a specific function.
What are the 2 cells which are specialised for reproduction?
Egg cells and Sperm cells.