Key Concepts 18-20 Flashcards
The science of naming and classifying organisms is called ___. The related science of reconstructing and depicting evolutionary history is called ____. A group consisting of all organisms descended from a particular common ancestor is a(n)___.
Taxonomy; Systematics ; Clade.
A scientific name consists of an ____ name followed by a ___ name. Both parts of a scientific name are in the ____ language. The first letter of the first word in a scientific name is always___, and both parts of the name are written in___ letters.
Genus; Species; latin; Capitalized ; italics.
In Linnaean classification, the eight major taxonomic ranks, in descending order of inclusiveness, are: ____. The three domains of life are____, ____ and ____.
Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain; Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea.
Systematists determine the evolutionary relationships among species mainly on the basis of similarities in ___ and ____. The biological species definition is difficult to apply to organisms that ___. An alternative species definition, known as the ____, instead designates species on the basis of ____.
Anatomical (body structure) and Molecular; Reproduce asexually; Phylogenetic species concept “the smallest diagnosable group that contains all the descendants of a single common ancestor.”
The number of named species is about ____, but the actual number of species on Earth is estimated to be between ___ and ___.
1.5 million ; 7/10 million to 100 million. ALSO KNOWN AS BIODIVERSITY!
___ Have peptidoglycan in their ____ but ____ do not.
Bacteria; Cell walls; Archean.
The size of prokaryotic cells is ____ than the size of eukaryotic cells. The most common shapes of prokaryotes are ___, ___, and ___.
Much smaller (.2 to 10 micrometers); Rod-shape, Spherical, Corkscrew.
Many Prokaryotes use ___ to move about. Some prokaryotes secrete slime that protects them when they aggregate in communities called ____. Other prokaryotes can survive long periods and extreme conditions by producing protective structures called ____.
Flagella; Bio-Films; Endospores.
___ bacteria inhabit environments that lack oxygen. ____ Bacteria capture energy from sunlight.
Anaerobic ; Cyanobacteria use photosynthesis
Prokaryotes reproduce by ____, and may sometimes exchange genetic material through the process of ____.
Binary Fission; Conjugation.
The plant nutrient ammonium is produced by ____ bacteria in the soil. Prokaryotes that live in the digestive tracts of cows and rabbits break down ____ in the leaves that those mammals eat.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria; Cellulose (the principal component of cell walls).
Diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria include ____, ____ and ____. Harmful strains of E.coli can be transmitted by humans in consumption of ____ or ____.
Tetanus, Bubonic plague, Lyme disease and STDs ; Contaminated beef, produce contaminated from nearby ranches.
A virus consists of a molecule of ____ or ____ surrounded by a(n) _____ coat. A virus cannot reproduce unless it enters a ____ cell. A virus that infects bacteria is known as an_____.
DNA or RNA; Protein coat ; Host cell ; Bacteriophages.
