key characters for animalia

Question 1

ontogeny

Answer 1

development from stage of zygote to independent organism

Question 2

cellularity of protists vs fungi/plants/animal

Answer 2

protist - single cell (or colonial)
fungi - usually multi
plants and animals - always multi.

Question 3

5 criteria for multicellularity

Answer 3

1. not viable as single cell (over generations)
2. cells differentiated for different tasks
3. cells are interdependent
4. 2+ cells work togehter in coordinated fashion on common task
5. 2+ layers of cells present in organisms body.

Question 4

body symmetry

• asymmetry
• spherical
• radial
• biradial
• quadriradial
• pentaradial
• bilateral

Answer 4

split into sections along planes in body

• lack plane of symmetry
• unlimited planes of symmetry
• around oral-aboral axis. many planes.
• oral/aboral axis. only 2 planes
• oral/aboral but 4 planes of symmetry
• oral/aboral. 5 planes
• anterior/posterior plan - 1, L+R halves.

Question 5

true tissue

Answer 5

similar cells and their extracellular matric arose from embryonic origin. together carry out specific function

Question 6

diploblastic - how many layers? which?

Answer 6

2. endo = gut, ecto = dermis, NS

Question 7

triploblastic - # of layers ? names?

Answer 7

3 layers. endo, ecto, meso (middle, muscle)

Question 8

cleavage types

Answer 8

radial - new cell divides directly on top of first

spiral - new cell twisted slightly off centre on top of first row.

Question 9

blind gut

complete gut

Answer 9

• mouth, no anus

- mouth and anal opening

Question 10

protostome

vs deuterostome

Answer 10

p - blastopore = mouth. 2nd opening anus

d= blastopore - anus/other. 2nd opening = mouth.

Question 11

cilia

flagella

Answer 11

c- short, beat stiffly

flagella = long, undulating fashion

Question 12

coelom
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
eucoelomate

Answer 12

fluid filled body cavity

• no fluid filled body cavity
• fluid filled cavity with mesoderm only on 1 side
• fluid filled cavity lined entirely by mesoderm

Question 13

ontogeny of eucoelom

• schizocoely
• enterocoely

Answer 13

formed by schizocoely (splitting) of solid mass of mesoderm to form cavity

• outpocket of mesoderm associated w gut walls

Question 14

skeleton

3 types

Answer 14

support body; antagonist to muscle

hydrostatic: incompressible fluid allows rigidity and movement
rigid internal: endo skeleton
rigid external: ecto skeleton