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zoo 250 > arthropoda > Flashcards

arthropoda Flashcards

1
Q

what are ecdysosoa

A

moulting clade.

- lack primary larva

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2
Q

how do panarthropods differ from other ecdysozoans?

A

have segmented bodies with several/many paris of limbs

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3
Q

tardigrada

A

small, terrestrial.
blunt head, no antennae.
4 body segments, move with slow stepping motion.

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4
Q

tardigrada lack?

A

circulatory and excretory systems, lack circular muscles.

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5
Q

coelom, cns, sensory of tardigrada

A

small eucoelom around gonads, main body cavity is haemocoel.
dorsal brain circumesophageal connectives.
- non-image forming eyes in brain

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6
Q

feeding in tardigrada

A

piercing or swallowing whole.

- pierce: suck out contents with pharynx

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7
Q

repro of tardigrada. 4 ways of sperm transfer

A

intromission

  • traumatic insemination into cuticle
  • when female shedding, put sperm between new and old cuticle.
  • tickle female to oviposit, then smear sperm over top
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8
Q

eggs and development of tardigrada

A

eggs very resistant.
cleavge = radial.
development - direct
eutely growth

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9
Q

what is the state in which organism is alive but has no measurable metabolism?

A

cryptobioses

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10
Q

form when all water is lost from the animal

A

anhydrobioses

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11
Q

onychophora - features

A

blunt head, one pair of antennae, 13-43 segments.

soft cuticle, many paillae.

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12
Q

onycophora - differences from tardigrades

A

body wall includes circular, long and dv muscles

- multiple paire, segmental nephridia

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13
Q

oncyphora: similaties to tardigrades

A

eucoelom restricted to pockets around gonads, main body cavity is haemocoel.
dorsal brain, circumesophageal connectives.

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14
Q

sensory? gas exchange? feeding?

A

small light sensing eyes

  • gas exchange thru thracheal system
    predators. capture prey shooting glue out of glue glands
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15
Q

repro in oncyphorans

A

separate sexes, direct development, born with full number of segment,
neither spiral nor radial cleavage.

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16
Q

lay eggs ?
brood eggs?
brood young - not in eggs?

A

oviparous
ovoviviparous - yolk nutrients
viviparous - placental connection.

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17
Q

arthropoda - joint-legged

A

largest phylum. 4 subphyla: pancrustacea, myriapoda, chelicerata, trilobita

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18
Q

all arthropods ossess?

A

jointed, semi-ridig exoskeleton & jointed limbs

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19
Q

2 main functions of exoskeleton

A

protection & structural support including muscle-attachment

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20
Q

feature unique to arthropods?

A

no cilia on somatic cells

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21
Q

tagma of myriapods

A

haed + homonomous trunk

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22
Q

trilobites tagma

A

head, thorax, pygidium

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23
Q

tagma crustaceans

A

head, thorax, abdomen

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24
Q

chelicerate tagma

A

cephalothorax, abdomen

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25
Q

names of the rigid plates in exoskeleton

A

plates called sclerites.
dorsal = tergite.
ventral = sternite
lateral = pleurite

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26
Q

3 main layers of exosksleton

A

epicuticle - moulted
exocuticle - moutled
endocuticle - resorbed

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27
Q

moulting controlled by ?

A

ecdysone

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28
Q

process of moutling

A

epidermis separates from endocuticle. inactive moulting fluid secreted by epidermis to digest old cuticle. endocuticle resorbed. new cuticle deposited beneath protective later. starts out wrinkled. moulting fluid resorbed, epicuticle laid down, old cuticle moutled, ecdysis = animal swallows air to split old skin. new cuticle expands & gets sclerotized.

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29
Q

arthropod limbs

  • each segment of limb called?
  • project medially vs laterally
A
  • article.
    medially = endites
    laterally = exited
    biramous vs uniramous
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30
Q

limbs - phyllopodous vs stenopodous

A

phyllo - flattened, flap-like

steno - tubular, walking

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31
Q

infoldings of the cuticle that muscles attach to

A

apodemes

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32
Q

arthropod coelom

A

intra lecithal cleavage. panarthropoda coelom reduced and limited to gonads and excretory system.

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33
Q

arthropod gas exchange

A

aquatic: lmb-branch gills; book gills.
terrestrial: spriacle, trahea, tracheloes = air-filled tubes. or book lungs

34
Q

arthropod NS

A

ventral nerve cord. dorsal brain, sircumesophageal connectives. 2/3 lobed brain. libe 1 = innervte eyes. lobe 2: innervate first antenna/chelicera

35
Q

arthropod eyes

A

ommatidia - multiple cells per ommatidium, light-sensitive.

36
Q

light adapted aka?

dark adapted aka?

A

light adapted = apposition eyes - light entering doesnt leak into adjacent ommatidia. = bright light
dark adapted = superposition. leakage btw adjacent ommatidia = low light.

37
Q

eyes composed of a single lens?

A

ocelli. - detect intensity and direction of light.

38
Q

subphylumm trilobita

A

all extint. marine. 3 lobed body with antennae, compound eyes, biramous limbs
- coxal endites were often spiny. food processing between gnathobases.
detrivorous/predatory.. large eyes

39
Q

crustacean - non-hexapod pancrustaceans.

A

5 pairs of appendages on head. 2 antennae, 1 manidble, 2 maxillae.
have cephalothorax = head covered by shield.
walking legs = pereopods
swimming, egg or sperm transfer = pleopods

40
Q

crustacean repro

A

separate sexes. sexual repro - direct sperm tranfer.
- gonopods. fertilization may be internal or external, but frequently brooded.
nauplius larva.

41
Q

crustacean class remipedia

A

homonomous segments. tagmata = head and trunk. primitive appearance

42
Q

crustacean class branchiopoda

A

freshwater, phyllopodous limbs for swimming/feeding. cyclic parthenogens.

43
Q

class malacostraca - crustacean

A

marine, 6 head segments, 8 body segments, 6 abdominal segments.
- stalked or sessile eyes

44
Q

hoplocariada - within malacostraca

A

lobster-like. complex predatory + social behaviour. spearing or clubbing thoracic limb.

45
Q

most malacostracans in order decapoda

A

crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish.
- mostly benthic, burroug.
5 pairs of walking limbs. carapace.
chelate, subchelate = pinchers

46
Q

isopoda vs amphipoda differences

A

i = d-v flat
a - laterally flat, more variable leg morphology. paasitic,
isopods - may have given up gills + exchange gase with spiracle-tracheal system

47
Q

class thecostraca - barnacles. cirripedia

A

cerripedia: all marine, sessile filter-feeders. some parasites.
attached to substrate, enclosed in calcareous plates. stalked or ustalked.
- long penis, shorter is high wave force.

48
Q

hexapoda: crustaceans.

A

only invertebrates to have evolved powered flight.

49
Q 
hexapod class insecta
- morphology
A

clear segmentation.
- 1 pair of antennae, mandibles. trachea/spiracles for gas exchange.
- uniramous limbs.
3 clear tagmata.
enthognatha = mandibles within cheeks. unsclerotized exoskeletons.

50
Q

collembola appendage
- ventral projections?
simple eye

A

furcula = jumping.

- ventral used for water + ion regulation = collophore

51
Q

insecta - cerci?

A

sensory organs at the bum.

ectognathous.

52
Q

insecta archaeognatha

A

mandibles with one condyl on mandibular joint.

apterygote

53
Q

pterygota = clade . whats the synapomorphy?

A

pterygota

54
Q

palaeopterous condition

A

unable to swivel wings to lay flat against back.

55
Q

neoptera condition

A

flexible wing base.

one wing covers to other wing set.

56
Q

direct vs indirect flight muscles

A 
direct = attached to wing
indirect = attached to thorax
57
Q

describe dragonfly flights

A

DV thoracic muscles contract to pull notum down, clicks wing up. wing muscles pull wing down

58
Q

true flies indirect muscles

A

DV muscles contract, pull notum down to pop wing up. relax dv muscles, contract longitudinal muscles to downstroke

59
Q

hexapoda reproduction

A

separate sexes.
collembola & apterygote = sperm indrectly transferred.
- pterygote - internal ferti with intromission. some haplodiploid. hexapod = intralecithal eggs.

60
Q

development in which all body segments are present at hatching

A

epimorphic

61
Q

three variations of post-hatching life cycle in hexapods

A

ametaboly
hemimetaboly
holometaboly

62
Q

juveniles look like small adults except no genitalia

A

ametaboly

63
Q

winged insects. wings develop slowly over several moults

A

hemimetaboly

64
Q

wings develop all at once in a special stage called pupa

A

holometaboly

65
Q

hexapod diets

– when host is killed?

A

predatores, parasites.

parasitoidherbivorous.

66
Q

subphylum myriapoda

A

detrivores, microbivores, herbivoes, predators
2 tagmata. head with ocelli, mandibles, 1 pair antennae.
trunk with a ton of legs. gas x-change = spiracle

67
Q

class diplopoda

A

millipedes. 2 pairs of legs per segment.

thick exoskeleton. glandular secretions for dfence

68
Q

class chilopoda

A

centipedes. 1 pair of legs per segment. modifies legs behind mouthparts = poisonous claws. aggressive predators.

69
Q

myriapoda repr + development

A

se[arate sex. repro = sexually. spermatophore into gonopore. internal fertilization, intralecithal eggs.
epimorphic, anamorphic.

70
Q

subphylum chelicerata

A

lack antennae. no mandibles - chelicera instead. tagmatization for most includes cephalothorax (carapace) and abdomen

71
Q

class pycnogonida

A

sea spiders. marine.
predatory.
cephalon with proboscis. 4 simple eyes. ovigers. trunk = 6=10 legs. abdomen reduces

72
Q

pycnogonida - mouth,

A

trilobed lips.

chelate appendages called chelifores.

73
Q

pycnogonida - repro

A

separate sex. external feritlizaiton. male broods.

larva called protonymphon.

74
Q

class euchelicerata

A

chelicerae as main mouthparts.
chelicera - evolutionarily a leg.
tagmatization = 6segmented cephalothorax. 6 paris of limbs. compound eyes. sexes separate. eggs yolky

75
Q

subclass merostomata

A

order eurypterida: three body tagmata: cephalothorax, mesosoma, metasoma
order xiphosura: carapace looks like horshoe. long tail spine. single lensed eye. scavenge. lay eggs in sand - external fertilization. larvae - planktonic.
*blood clots when single bacteria present

76
Q 
subclass arachnida
= order scorpiones
A

terrestrial. fluid feeding predators.
order scorpiones: segmented chelicerae, pedipalps. obvious segmentation. poisonous stinger. ventral appendages = pectines: vibration, chemoreceptors.
book lungs.

77
Q

feeding of order scorpiones

A

crush sting prey. externally digest

78
Q

repro in order scorpiones

A

indirectly, fertilization internal. female broods

79
Q

order araneae:

A

constriction btw cephalothorax + abdomen. abdomen unsegmented.
2 chelicerae.
spinneretes. 0-4 pairs of ocelli. pedipalps are never chelate.
trachea or book lungs.
fluid feeding. poison glands

80
Q

repro steps in araneae order

A

male leaves sperm on web+ puts into pedipalp. - inserts into genital opening of female

81
Q

acariformes + parasitformes

A

ticks, mites.
- no segmentation. smallest.
internall fertilization. have chelicerae. fluid-feeders.

zoo 250 (16 decks)

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