key associations 3

Question 1

ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

Answer 1

Krukenberg tumor

mucin-secreting signet-ring cells

Question 2

ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

Answer 2

serous cystadenoma

Question 3

ovarian tumor (malignant)

Answer 3

serous cystadenocarcinoma

Question 4

pancreatitis (acute)

Answer 4

gallstones, alcohol

Question 5

pancreatitis (chronic)

Answer 5

alcohol (adults);
cystic fibrosis (kids)

Question 6

patient w/ ALL / CLL / AML / CML

Answer 6

ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult~65
CML: adult 30-60

Question 7

pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 7

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 8

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) => bcr-abl

Answer 8

CML (may sometimes be assoc w/ ALL / AML

Question 9

pituitary tumor

Answer 9

prolactinoma, somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma

Question 10

primary amenorrhea

Answer 10

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

Question 11

primary bone tumor (adults)

Answer 11

multiple myeloma

Question 12

primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 12

adenoma of adrenal cortex

Question 13

primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 13

adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

Question 14

primary liver cancer

Answer 14

hepatocellular carcinoma
(chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis,
alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency)

Question 15

pulmonary hypertension

Answer 15

COPD

Question 16

recurrent inflammation / thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

Answer 16

Buerger’s disease (strongly assoc w/ tobacco)

Question 17

renal tumor

Answer 17

renal cell carcinoma: assoc w/ VHL & smoking;
paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Question 18

right heart failure due to pulmonary cause

Answer 18

cor pulmonale

Question 19

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

Answer 19

increase ventricular filling

L to R shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure-CHF

Question 20

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Answer 20

stiff / hypertrophic ventricle

aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 21

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 21

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Question 22

sexually transmitted disease

Answer 22

chlamydia (usually coinfected w/ gonorrhea)

Question 23

SIADH

Answer 23

small cell carcinoma of lung

Question 24

site of diverticula

Answer 24

sigmoid colon

Question 25

sites of atherosclerosis

Answer 25

abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

Question 26

stomach cancer

Answer 26

adenocarcinoma

Question 27

stomach ulcerations & high gastrin levels

Answer 27

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

gastronoma of duodenum or pancreas

Question 28

t(14;18)

Answer 28

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Question 29

t(8;14)

Answer 29

Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Question 30

t(9;22)

Answer 30

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

Question 31

temporal arteritis

Answer 31

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery;
polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 32

testicular tumor

Answer 32

seminoma

Question 33

thyroid cancer

Answer 33

papillary carcinoma

Question 34

tumor in women

Answer 34

leiomyoma

estrogen dependent, non precancerous

Question 35

tumor of infancy

Answer 35

hemangioma

usually regresses spontaneously by childhood

Question 36

tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)

Answer 36

pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Question 37

tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)

Answer 37

neuroblastoma (malignant)

Question 38

type of Hodgkin’s

Answer 38

nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Question 39

type of non-Hodgkin’s

Answer 39

diffuse large cell

Question 40

UTI

Answer 40

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Question 41

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Answer 41

HSV-1

Question 42

vitamin deficiency (US)

Answer 42

Folate

pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects