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FA rapid review > classic labs/findings 2 > Flashcards

classic labs/findings 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

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2
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

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3
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

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4
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

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5
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

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6
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

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7
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

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8
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

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9
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

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10
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

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11
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

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12
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

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13
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

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14
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis:

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15
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

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17
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

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18
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

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19
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

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20
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

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21
Q

Lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

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22
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

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23
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
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24
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma)

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25
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

26
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/ c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti–basement
membrane antibodies)

27
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

28
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

29
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

30
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

31
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

32
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci

33
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

34
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

35
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

36
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

37
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

38
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

39
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

40
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

41
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral renal injury

42
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

43
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

44
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

45
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body–laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells)

46
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

47
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

48
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

49
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

50
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

51
Q

“Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

52
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

53
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

54
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

55
Q

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

56
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

57
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

58
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

59
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

60
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

61
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (e.g., due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

FA rapid review (9 decks)

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