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FA rapid review > key associations 2 > Flashcards

key associations 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A
  • Ioatrogenic Cushing’s (from corticosteroid Tx)
  • adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
  • paraneoplastic Cushing’s (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
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2
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

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3
Q

cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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4
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

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5
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

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6
Q

dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts

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7
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

multiple sclerosis

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8
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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9
Q

dietary deficit

A

iron

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10
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

diagnosed by barium swallow

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11
Q

ejection click

A

aortic / pulmonic stenosis

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12
Q

esophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide);

adenocarcinoma (US)

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13
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus

B. cereus

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14
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)

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15
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A 
endometrial carcinoma (most common in US);
cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
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16
Q

heart murmur, congenital

A

mitral valve prolapse

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17
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever),

tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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18
Q

helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

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19
Q

hematoma - epidural

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

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20
Q

hematoma - subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

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21
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation

(can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes” and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

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22
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (assoc w/ hepatitis B & C & w/ alcoholism)

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23
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

vWF disease

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24
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

25
Q

HLA-B27

A

ankylosing spondylitis, Rieter’s syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis

26
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4

A

DM type I, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

27
Q

holosystolic murur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

28
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow’s triad (results in venous thrombosis)

29
Q

secondary hypertension

A

renal disease

30
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyriodectomy

31
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

32
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

HCV

33
Q

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)

34
Q

kidney stones

A
  • Calcium => radiopaque
  • Struvite (ammonium) => radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or staphylococcus)
  • uric acid = radiolucent
35
Q

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension / polycythemia)

36
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic disease

37
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher’s disease

38
Q

male cancer

A

prostatic carcinoma

39
Q

malignancy assoc w/ noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

40
Q

malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

41
Q

mental retardation

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

42
Q

mets to bone

A

prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes

43
Q

mets to brain

A

lung > breast > GU > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI

44
Q

mets to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

45
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

46
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rhematic heart disease

47
Q

mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

ALS

48
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

49
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

50
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change disease

51
Q

neuron migration failure

A 
Kallmann syndrome 
(hypogonadotropic hypogonadism & anosmia)
52
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

53
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

54
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

55
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumponia

56
Q

osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

57
Q

osteomyelitis in SCD

A

Salmonella

58
Q

osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

FA rapid review (9 decks)

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