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First Aid 2014 > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer a/w CNS injury

A 
Cushing ulcer
(increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal  gastric secretion)
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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer a/w severe burns

A

Curling ulcer

(greatly reduced plasma vol results in sloughing of gastric mucosa

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4
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions

Crohn disease

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5
Q

aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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6
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm, arch

A

3’ syphilis (syphilitic aortitis)

vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome

idiopathic cystic medial degradation

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9
Q

atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A 
Wernicke encephalopathy
(thiamine def causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, & confusion)
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10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis & shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia

hemoglobin S

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11
Q

bacteria a/w gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

bacterial meningitis (adults & elderly)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis (newborns & kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E. coli (newborns),

S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus

MC in 1st two decades

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15
Q

bleeding d/o with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

defect in platelet adhesion to vWF

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16
Q

brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial:

metastasis > astrocytoma (GBM) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial:
medulloblastoma (cerebellum) OR
Supratentorial:
cranipharyngioma

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18
Q

breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change,

carcinoma (in post menopausal women)

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20
Q

breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

cardiac 1’ tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma

often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve

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23
Q

cardiac tumor (adults)

A

metastasis,

1’ myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium; ‘ball and valve’)

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24
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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25
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation

a/w high risk of emboli

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26
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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27
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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28
Q

compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis
(type I: postmenopausal women;
type II: elderly)

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29
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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30
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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31
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile

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32
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world);

SLE (developed world)

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33
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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34
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

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35
Q

Cushing syndrome

A
  • Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
  • Adrenocortical adenoma (excess cortisol)
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
  • Paraneoplastic Cushing (tumors secrete ACTH)
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36
Q

cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot,
transposition of great vessels,
truncus arteriosus

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37
Q

cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD,
ASD,
PDA

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38
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

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39
Q

death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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40
Q

dementia

A

Alzheimer disease,

multiple infarcts

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41
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

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42
Q

DIC

A 
severe sepsis,
OB complications,
cancer,
burns,
trauma,
major surgery
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43
Q

dietary deficit

A

Iron

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44
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum

dx by barium swallow

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45
Q

ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonary stenosis

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46
Q

esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (WW);

Adenocarcinoma (US)

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47
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus,

B. cereus

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48
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease

IgA nephropathy

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49
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A 
Endometrial carcinoma (MC in US);
Cervical carcinoma (MC WW)
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50
Q

heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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51
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever);

tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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52
Q

helminth infection (US)

A 
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm/anal itch),
Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm/GI inf)
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53
Q

hematoma-epidural

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery

trauma; lentiform shaped

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54
Q

hematoma-subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins

crescent shaped

55
Q

hemochromotosis

A

multiple blood transfusions OR
hereditary HFE mutation
(can result in CHF, ‘bronze diabetes’, and increase risk of HCC)

56
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver

a/w HBV/HCV & alcoholism

57
Q

hereditary bleeding d/o

A

von Willebrand disease

58
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome

benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

59
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis,
Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome),
Ulcerative colitis,
Psoriatic arthritis

60
Q

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

A 
Diabetes mellitus type 1,
Rheumatoid arthritis (DR4),
SLE (DR2/3)
61
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, TR, MR

62
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad

results in venous thrombosis

63
Q

HTN, 2’

A

renal disease

64
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thryroidectomy

65
Q

hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma

usually benign tumor

66
Q

infection 2’ to blood transfusion

67
Q

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (all catalase +)

68
Q

intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome,

Fragile X syndrome

69
Q

kidney stones

A
  • Calcium = radiopaque
  • Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + Proteus vulgaris or Staph)
  • Uric acid = radiolucent
70
Q

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulm HTN/polycythemia

71
Q

liver disease

A

Alcholic cirrhosis

72
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A 
Gaucher disease
(hepatosplenomegaly/pancytopenia/bone necrosis d/t beta-glucosidase def --> increased glucocerebroside)
73
Q

male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

74
Q

malignancy a/w noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

75
Q

malignancy (kids)

A

ALL,

medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

76
Q

metastasis to bone

A

prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

77
Q

metastasis to brain

A

lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI

78
Q

metastasis to liver

A

colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

79
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

diseases occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

80
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

81
Q

mixed (UMN & LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

82
Q

myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

83
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adult)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

84
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease)

85
Q

neuron migration failure

A 
Kallman syndrome
(hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

87
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

88
Q

opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

89
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

90
Q

osteomyelitis

91
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

92
Q

osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use

A

Psudomonas, S. aureus

93
Q

ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma carcninoma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor

mucin-secreting signet-ring cells

94
Q

ovarial tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

95
Q

ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

96
Q

pancreatitis (acute)

A

gallstones, alcohol

97
Q

pancreatitis (chronic)

A 
alcoholis (adults),
cystic fibrosis (kids)
98
Q

patient w/ ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child,
CLL: adult >60,
AML: adult ~65,
CML: adult 30-60

99
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Chlamydia trachomatis,

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

100
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) (bcr-abl)

A

CML

may sometimes be a/w ALL/AML

101
Q

pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma,

somatotropic ‘acidophilic’ adenoma

102
Q

1’ amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

103
Q

1’ bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

104
Q

1’ hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

105
Q

1’ hyperparathyroidism

A

adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

106
Q

1’ liver cancer

A 
Hepatocellular carcinoma
(chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, A1AT def)
107
Q

pulmonary hypertension

108
Q

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease

strongly a/w tobacco

109
Q

renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma:

a/w VHL & cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

110
Q

right heart failure d/t pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

111
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A

increased ventricular filling

L to R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure/CHF

112
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

stiif/hypertrophic ventricle

aortic stenosis, RCM

113
Q

2’ hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

114
Q

sexually transmitted disease

A

Chlamydia (usually coinfected w/ gonorrhea)

115
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

116
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

117
Q

sites of athrosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

118
Q

stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

119
Q

stomach ulcerations and high gastrin level

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas

120
Q

t(14:18)

A

Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)

121
Q

t(8:14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)

122
Q

t(9:22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl)

123
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of ipsilateral blindness d/t thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; a/w polymyalgia rheumatica

124
Q

testicular tumor

A

Seminoma

malignant, radiosensitive

125
Q

thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

126
Q

tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma

estrogen dependent, not precancerous

127
Q

tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma

usually regresses spontaneously by childhood

128
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma

usually benign

129
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

130
Q

type of Hodgkin

A 
Nodular sclerosis
(vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
131
Q

type of non-Hodgkin

A

Diffuse large cell

132
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young F)

133
Q

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

134
Q

vitamin deficiency (US)

A

folate

pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents NTDs

First Aid 2014 (7 decks)

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