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first aid 2014 > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma

CREST

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2
Q

antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

blistering

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3
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome

glomerulonephritis & hemoptysis

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4
Q

antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE

hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide

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5
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A 
Rheumatoid arthritis
(systemic inflamm, joint pannus, boutonneière deformity)
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6
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

female, cholestasis, portal HTN

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7
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis & Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA);
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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8
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANA: anti-Smith/snRNPs & anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE

type III HSR

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9
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

ITP

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10
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease

diarrhea, distension, wt loss

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12
Q

‘apple core’ lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer

usually left-sided

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13
Q

azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes & myeloblasts

A 
Auer rods
(AML, esp PML M3 type)
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14
Q

bacitracin response

A

Resistance: S. agalactiae (group B)
Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A)
B-BRAS

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15
Q

‘bamboo spine’ on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27

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16
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

d/t splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen

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17
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning,

Sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

‘boot-shaped’ heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot,

RVH

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20
Q

branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor

can compress sympathetic ganglion –> Horner syndrome

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22
Q

‘brown’ tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism OR Osteitis fibrosa cystica

deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage –> brown color

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23
Q

cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease

Trypansoma cruzi

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24
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

RPGN

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25
Q

‘chocolate cyst’ of ovary

A

Endometriosis

frequently involves both ovaries

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26
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes

neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma

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27
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A 
Cystic fibrosis
(AR mutation in CFTR gene --> fat-soluble vit def & mucous plugs)
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28
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome & other chromosomal abnormalities

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29
Q

degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A 
Tabes dorsalis (3' syphilis),
Subacute combined degeneration (B12 def --> dorsal columns & lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
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30
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease

basal ganglia d/o: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

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31
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals

bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs

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32
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies

granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary

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33
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes

HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer

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34
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

‘Owl eye’ appearance of CMV

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35
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

‘Orphan Annie’ eyes nuclei

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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36
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body

alcoholic liver disease

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37
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body

Parkinson disease

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38
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body

toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever

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39
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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40
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in brain gray matter

A

Senile plaques

Alzheimer disease

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41
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

A

Reed-Sternberg cells CD15/CD30+

Hodgkin lymphoma

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42
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies

Yolk sac tumor

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43
Q

‘hair on end’ crew-cut appearance on x-ray

A

Beta-thalassemia OR Sickle cell anemia

marrow expansion

44
Q

hCG elevated

A 
choriocarcinoma,
hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/o embryo, and multiple pregnancies)
45
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies

rheumatic fever

46
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis

EBV

47
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma

Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules

48
Q

high level of D-dimers

A

DVT,
PE,
DIC

49
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex

1’ TB: Mycobacterium bacilli

50
Q

‘honeycomb lung’ on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

51
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome

adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung

52
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A 
Megaloblastic anemia
(B12 def: neuro sx's; folate def: no neuro sx's)
53
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

54
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia,
Lead poisoning,
Thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)

55
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error,
Anencephaly,
Spina bifida (NTDs)

56
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

Gout,
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,
Tumor lysis syndrome,
Loop & Thiazide diuretics

57
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies

HSV or CMV

58
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A 
Ferruginous bodies
(abestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
59
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

60
Q

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chédiak-Higashi disease

congenital failure if phagolysosome formation

61
Q

‘lead pipe’ appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis

loss of haustra

62
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

63
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease

hepatolenticular degeneration

64
Q

‘lumpy bumpy’ appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

immune complex deposition of IgG & C3b

65
Q

lytic (‘hole punched’) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

66
Q

mammary gland (‘blue domed’) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

67
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A 
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA),
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging),
Waldenström (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia,
Primary amyloidosis
68
Q

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

‘Signet ring’

gastric carcinoma

69
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

‘String sign’

Crohn disease

70
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A 
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA),
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
71
Q

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout

monosodium urate crystals

72
Q

nodule hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

diabetic nephropathy

73
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Resistant: S. saprophyticus
Sensitive: S. epidermidis

74
Q

‘nutmeg’ appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver d/t RHF

75
Q

‘onion skin’ periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma

malignant round-cell tumor

76
Q

optochin response

A

Resistant: viridans strep (S. mutans)
Sensitive: S. pneumoniae

77
Q

periosteum raised from bone; creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray

Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

78
Q

podocyte fusion of ‘effacement’ on EM

A

Minimal change disease

child w/ nephropathy

79
Q

polished, ‘ivory-like’ appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation

osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis

80
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A 
Neurofibrillary tangle (Alzheimer disease),
Pick bodies (Pick disease/FTLD)
81
Q

psammoma bodies

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma, Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium/ovary, Meningioma, Mesothelioma

82
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Gliobastoma multiforme

83
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

84
Q

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals

Leydig cell tumor

85
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral renal injury

86
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals

87
Q

rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

88
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii,

CNS lymphoma

89
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scatted pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
(‘starry sky’ histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma

t[8:14] c-myc activation, a/w EBV; ‘black sky’ made up of malignant cells

90
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A 
Pick bodies
(Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
91
Q

‘soap bubble’ in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone

generally benign

92
Q

‘spikes’ on basement membrane, ‘dome-like’ subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis
(may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
- different from MPGN!

93
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation

high ESR, multiple myeloma

94
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

‘Clue cells’

Gardnerella vaginalis

95
Q

‘tennis-racket’-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules

Langerhans cell histiocytosis/histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma

96
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn

arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs

97
Q

‘thumb sign’ on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis

H. influenzae

98
Q

thyroid-like appearance of kidneys

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

99
Q

‘tram-track’ appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on LM

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

MPGN

100
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease

alcoholic or metabolic syndrome

101
Q

‘waxy’ casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

102
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

103
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL

almost always B cells

104
Q

‘wire loop’ glomerular capillary apperance of LM

A 
Lupus nephropathy
(DPGN = nephritic)
105
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia

e.g. d/t subarachnoid hemorrhage

first aid 2014 (7 decks)

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