Key Area 6: Respiration

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

the cellular process that releases energy from food and stores it as ATP.

Question 2

Glucose

Answer 2

the main source of chemical energy in a living cell

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

a molecule that stores and transfers energy in cells

Question 4

Pyruvate

Answer 4

key intermediate molecule in metabolism

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

a chemical process that uses oxygen to break down nutrients and produce energy

Question 6

Fermentation

Answer 6

a metabolic process that breaks down glucose without oxygen to produce energy

Question 7

Lactate

Answer 7

the deprotonated form of lactic acid, which is a substance produced when the body breaks down glucose without oxygen

Question 8

Carbon dioxide and ethanol

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

the fluid that fills the inside of a cel

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Where aerobic respiration takes place and ATP is produced in the cell.

Question 11

ADP

Answer 11

a biological molecule that plays a key role in the flow of energy in living organism

Question 12

Chemical energy is released

Answer 12

when food is burnt as heat and light energy

Question 13

In living cells chemical energy is released in a series of

Answer 13

enzyme controlled reactions in respiration

Question 14

ATP —> ADP + Pi

Answer 14

releases energy

Question 15

ADP + Pi —> ATP

Answer 15

requires energy

Question 16

First stage of respiration

Answer 16

The breakdown of glucose, this is identical for aerobic respiration and fermentation

Question 17

Second stage of respiration

Answer 17

The fate of pyruvate, this stage is different for aerobic respiration and fermentation pathways

Question 18

The first stage of respiration takes place in the

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

Glucose is broken down in a series of enzyme controlled reactions to form ….. oxygen does ….

Answer 19

1. two molecules of pyruvate, two ATP molecules
2. not need to be present

Question 20

Aerobic respiration takes place in the

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Question 21

Aerobic respiration involves the breakdown of …. in a series of enzyme controlled reactions to release….

Answer 21

1. Pyruvate
2. carbon dioxide, water, and 18 molecules of ATP per pyruvate molecule

Question 22

In aerobic respiration a total of … are produced for each ….

Answer 22

1. 38 ATP
2. original glucose molecule

Question 23

In fermentation, … is present

Answer 23

no oxygen

Question 24

In fermentation glucose is broken down to

Answer 24

2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule

Question 25

Animal cells

Answer 25

glucose —> pyruvate —> lactate + energy

Question 26

lactate can cause

Answer 26

muscle fatigue and an oxygen debt builds up

Question 27

Pyruvate to lactic acid (animal)

Answer 27

is reversible

Question 28

Plant and yeast cells

Answer 28

Glucose –> pyruvate —> ethanol and CO2 + energy?

Question 29

pyruvate to ethanol and CO2 (p and y)

Answer 29

is and irreversible process

Question 30

Fermentation takes place in the

Answer 30

cytoplasm

Question 31

Aerobic respiration requires

Answer 31

oxygen

Question 32

Fermentation does not require

Answer 32

oxygen

Question 33

Stage 1 of aerobic respiration (cytoplasm)

Answer 33

Glucose —> 2 molecules of pyruvate
(+2 molecules of ATP)

Question 34

Stage 2 of aerobic respiration (mitochondria)

Answer 34

Pyruvate + Oxygen —> CO2 + water
(+large number of ATP)

Question 35

ATP is an energy-rich chemical compound. The energy released when the bond attaching to the

Answer 35

terminal phosphate is broken

Question 36

In the absence of oxygen the … pathway takes place

Answer 36

fermentation

Question 37

The higher the energy requirement of a cell thr greater the number of

Answer 37

Mitochondria present in the cell

Question 38

… begins in the cytoplasm. the process of … is completed in the cytoplasm. whereas … is completed in the mitochondria

Answer 38

1. Respiration
2. Fermentation
3. aerobic respiration