Key Area 5: Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Genetic engineering

Answer 1

the process of altering an organism’s DNA to produce a desired result

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

a region of DNA that codes for the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 3

Source chromosome

Question 4

plasmid

Answer 4

Bacterial cells don’t have a nucleus so genes are stored in plasmids instead. These genes help the cell to function.

Question 5

Bacterial cell

Answer 5

a single-celled organism with a simple cell structure that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

Genetically modified

Answer 6

Organisms which contain DNA from another organism are GM organisms

Question 7

Organism

Question 8

Genetic engineering can be

Answer 8

transferred from one cell to another by genetic engineering

Question 9

Plasmids can pass between

Answer 9

bacterial cells (acts as vectors)

Question 10

Viruses can insert their

Answer 10

DNA into a host cell

Question 11

DNA can be transferred artificially by

Answer 11

genetic engineering

Question 12

Using GM bacteria as a chemical factory - Insulin production

Answer 12

check list

Question 13

Advantage of using micro- organisms

Answer 13

can be grown quicklly, easily and at low cost

Question 14

GM multi cellular organisms

Answer 14

Golden rice - improved nutritional value, Plants are resistant to pests

Question 15

Genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another by

Answer 15

genetic engineering

Question 16

the stages of genetic engineering are

Answer 16

• Identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source organism
• extract required gene
• extract plasmid from bacterial cell
• insert required gene into bacterial plasmid
• inster plasmid into host bacterial cell to produce a GM organism

Question 17

enzymes are required in

Answer 17

genetic engineering