Key Area 4: Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards
Proteins functions?
Structural, enzymes, antibodies, membrane receptors
Proteins
Folded up amino acid chains that have many different functions in the body
Amino acids
Fundamental molecules that make up proteins
Structural proteins
proteins that help living organisms maintain their shape and structure
Enzyme
are proteins, act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in cells. remain unchanged
Hormone
Carry specific messages in the bloodstream of living organisms
Antibodies
Provide specific defence against body invaders such as certain bacteria and viruses
Receptors
Allow cells to recognise specific substrates
Biological catalyst
a protein that speeds up a specific chemical reaction in a cell and remains unchanged
Active site
where substrate molecules attach to their specific enzyme
Substrate
the chemicals that an enzyme reacts with
Enzyme-substrate complex
enzyme and substrate fit tightly together in the active site
Product
The active site of an enzyme has a …. shape because each has a ….. substrate which it can act with
Specific
Degredation
is the breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones
Synthesis
Is building up a large molecule from smaller ones
Optimum
the conditions that are most favorable for an enzyme to be active
Denatured
The enzyme will not be able to attach to it’s substrate anymore
When the active site changes shape this means that the enzyme has become
Denatured
Enzyme action results in
products
Enzymes can be involved in
degradation and synthesis
The shape on an active site is determined by the sequence of and bonding between
amino acids
The active site is … to the substrate molecule
Specific (complementary)
Factors that affect enzyme activity
Temperature, pH
How does temp. affect enzyme activity
e are inactive at low temps. as temp increases they move more and rate of reaction increases
At high temps the shape of the active site
becomes altered and the enzyme is denatured
how does pH affect enzyme activity
e work best at their optimum pH. If pH is to low or too high the enzyme becomes denatured
A control copy of the experiment
where all factors are kept the same but the independent variable is changed
Enzyme experiments can investigate the effect of … on the rate of reaction
temp, pH, substrate concentration and enzyme concentration
What name is given to the substance that breaks an enzyme down?
Substrate
