Key Area 2.2 - Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Acetyl group

Answer 1

Produced by the breakdown of pyruvate; joins with oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle

Question 2

Alternative respiratory substrate

Answer 2

Substrate used for respiration other than carbohydrate

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

Molecule used to transfer energy in cells

Question 4

Cellular respiration

Answer 4

Release of energy from respiratory substrates

Question 5

Citrate

Answer 5

Citric acid; first substance produced in the citric acid cycle

Question 6

Citric acid cycle

Answer 6

Second stage of aerobic respiration, occurring in the matrix of mitochondria

Question 7

Coenzyme A

Answer 7

Substance that carries an acetyl group into the citric acid cycle

Question 8

Dehydrogenase

Answer 8

Enzyme which removes hydrogen from its substrate; important in the citric acid cycle

Question 9

Electron transport chain

Answer 9

Group of proteins embedded in membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 10

FAD

Answer 10

Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle

Question 11

Fermentation

Answer 11

Progression of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen

Question 12

Glycolysis

Answer 12

First stage in cellular respiration

Question 13

High-energy electron

Answer 13

Electron that can yield energy as it passes through an electron transport chain.

Question 14

Hydrogen ion (H+)

Answer 14

A hydrogen atom which has lost an electron leaving it positively charged

Question 15

Intermediate

Answer 15

Substance in a metabolic pathway between the original substrate and end product

Question 16

Lactate

Answer 16

Produced by the anaerobic conversion of pyruvate in mammalian muscle cells

Question 17

NAD

Answer 17

Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle

Question 18

Oxaloacetate

Answer 18

Substance that combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle to form citrate

Question 19

Phosphate (Pi)

Answer 19

Inorganic phosphate used to phosphorylate ADP

Question 20

Phosphorylation

Answer 20

Addition of phosphate to a substance

Question 21

Pyruvate

Answer 21

End product of glycolysis