Key Area 1.4 Cellular differentiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cellular differentiation?

A

The process in which an unspecialised cell becomes specialised by expressing genes for that cell type

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2
Q

What is selective gene expression?

A

Once a cell differentiates it only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell

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3
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Unspecialised cells in animals

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4
Q

What are the 2 main types of stem cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells and adult tissue stem cells

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5
Q

What makes embryonic stem cells different to adult stem cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into all types of cells

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6
Q

What are embryonic stem cells said to be?

A

Pluripotent

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7
Q

Where are embryonic stem cells received from?

A

Embryos

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8
Q

Where are adult stem cells received from?

A

Tissues and organs of adults and children

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9
Q

What makes adult stem cells different to embryonic?

A

Adult stem cells can only differentiate into cells closely related to where they are found

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10
Q

What are adult stem cells said to be?

A

Multipotent

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11
Q

Name 2 therapeutic uses of stem cells.

A

Treating leukaemia by replacing cancerous bone barrow with the bone marrow of a healthy donor.
Treating severe burns by growing sheets of skin made from a patients own stem cells and using these for grafts.

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12
Q

How can stem cell research be used?

A

Can be used for drug testing, Study diseases and their development and teach us about processes like differentiation and gene regulation.

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13
Q

What are some ethical issues involving stem cells?

A

The use of embryonic stem cells is controversial as it involves the destruction of a human embryo.

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14
Q

What are meristems?

A

Unspecialised plant cells

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15
Q

What do meristems do?

A

Meristem can divide into more meristematic cells or become a specialised plant cell

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