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Higher Biology Unit 1 > Key Area 1.1 The structure of DNA > Flashcards

Key Area 1.1 The structure of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

Phosphate, Base, Deoxyribose sugar

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2
Q

How are the nucleotides joined together?

A

A sugar phosphate back bone

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3
Q

How is a sugar phosphate backbone formed?

A

A strong chemical bond forms between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the carbon 3 on another

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4
Q

What is the sugar phosphate backbone made up of?

A

Sugar and phosphate

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5
Q

What are the 4 bases on a DNA strand?

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine

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6
Q

What is the complimentary base for adenine?

A

Thymine

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7
Q

What is the complimentary base for guanine?

A

Cytosine

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8
Q

What bonds hold the 2 DNA strands together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong?

A

Weak

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10
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Double helix

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11
Q

How do the DNA strands run next to each other?

A

Anti-parallel (In oposite directions)

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12
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

Organisms without a membrane bound neucleus

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13
Q

Give an example of a prokaryote.

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

How is DNA stored in a prokaryote?

A

In the cytoplasm of a cell as a circular chromosomes and plasmids

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15
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Organisms with a membrane bound nucleus

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16
Q

Give an example of a eukaryote.

A

Animal, plant and fungi

17
Q

How is DNA stored in a eukaryote?

A

In the membrane bound nucleus

18
Q

Where can DNA also be found in eukaryotes?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

19
Q

How is DNA stored in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Circular chromesomes

20
Q

What can yeast cells contain which no other eukaryotes can contain?

A

Plasmids

21
Q

How is eukaryotic DNA in the neculeus found?

A

As linier chromosomes

22
Q

How do liner chromosomes fit in the nucleus?

A

Wrapped tightly around the protein histone

Higher Biology Unit 1 (8 decks)

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