Key Area 1.1 The structure of DNA Flashcards
What is DNA made up of?
Phosphate, Base, Deoxyribose sugar
How are the nucleotides joined together?
A sugar phosphate back bone
How is a sugar phosphate backbone formed?
A strong chemical bond forms between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the carbon 3 on another
What is the sugar phosphate backbone made up of?
Sugar and phosphate
What are the 4 bases on a DNA strand?
Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine
What is the complimentary base for adenine?
Thymine
What is the complimentary base for guanine?
Cytosine
What bonds hold the 2 DNA strands together?
Hydrogen bonds
Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong?
Weak
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
How do the DNA strands run next to each other?
Anti-parallel (In oposite directions)
What are prokaryotes?
Organisms without a membrane bound neucleus
Give an example of a prokaryote.
Bacteria
How is DNA stored in a prokaryote?
In the cytoplasm of a cell as a circular chromosomes and plasmids
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms with a membrane bound nucleus
Give an example of a eukaryote.
Animal, plant and fungi
How is DNA stored in a eukaryote?
In the membrane bound nucleus
Where can DNA also be found in eukaryotes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
How is DNA stored in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Circular chromesomes
What can yeast cells contain which no other eukaryotes can contain?
Plasmids
How is eukaryotic DNA in the neculeus found?
As linier chromosomes
How do liner chromosomes fit in the nucleus?
Wrapped tightly around the protein histone
