Karen Horney Flashcards
built on the assumption that social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, are
largely responsible for shaping personality.
Psychoanalytic Theory
People who do not have their needs for love and affection satisfied during childhood develop basic ______ toward their parents and, as a consequence, suffer from basic _____
hostility and anxiety
Horneyinsistedthatmoderncultureistoocompetitiveandthatcompetitionleadstohostilityandfeelingsofisolatio
Impact of culture
Neurotic conflict stems largely from childhood traumas, most of which are traced to a lack of genuine love. Children who do not receive genuine affection feel threatened and adopt rigid behavioral patterns in an attempt to gain love.
Impact of Childhood experiences
All children need feelings of safety and security, but these can be gained only by love from parents. Unfortunately, parents often neglect, dominate, reject, or overindulge their children, conditions that lead to the child’s feelings of
Basic Hostility
f children repress basic hostility, they will develop feelings ofinsecurityandapervasivesenseofapprehensioncalled
Basic Anxiety
Neurotic individuals are frequently trapped in a vicious circle in which their compulsive need to reduce basic anxiety leads to a variety of self-defeating behaviors; these behaviors then produce more basic anxiety, and the circle continues.
Compulsive Drives
It illustrates the ten needs from which Horney evolved her three basic adjustment techniques or styles. These needs are the result of the disturbed interpersonal relationship specifically the parent-child relationship. All personalities have these needs to some extent. The neurotic has them to an overpowering degree.
Neurotic Needs
Toward: Live to please others and win love
Attach themselves to a powerful partner.
Ex: people pleaser/lagi may jowa dapat
neurotic need for affection and approval
Toward: Live to please others and win love
Attach themselves to a powerful partner.
Ex: people pleaser/lagi may jowa dapat
neurotic need for affection and approval
Toward: Attach themselves to a powerful partner
Ex: Compensate inferiority/ pagkukulang sa sarili
neurotic need for a powerful partner
Away from: They tend to be contended with very little. They downgrade their own abilities and dread making demands on others
Need to restrict one’s life
Against: The need to control others and to avoid feelings of weakness or stupidity
Ex: In control/Superior from others (takot makita as weak)
need for power
Against: The need to win at games, always be dominant.
Ex: manipulate people to get what they aim
need to exploit other
Against:The need to be recognized
and attract attention to themselves
Ex:scared of public embarrassment as weak
need for social recognition or prestige
Against: The need to be admired for what they are rather than for they possess.
Ex: Narcissism, admiring herself and overshadow her flaws
personal admiration
Against: Have a consuming desire to be rich, famous, important regardless of cost to self and others.
Ex:overachiever di titigil hanggat di nakukuha ang gusto
need for ambition in personal achievement
Away from: Go to extreme lengths to avoid being obligated to anyone
Ex:Limit themselves to open relationship and (minamaliit sarili)
for self-sufficiency and independence
Away from: They strive relentlessly for perfection, they dread making mistakes
Ex:flaws and negative to be erased they focus on themselves to be perfect (takot makitaan ng mistakes)
neurotic need for perfection and unassailability
Horney originally identified four general ways that people protect themselves against the feeling alone in a potentially hostile world. This includes affection, submissiveness, power, and withdrawal. (sense of safety and security)
Neurotic Trends
People who employ this style become extremely dependent on others, compulsively seeking affection and acceptance. A person who relies on this style “needs to be liked, wanted, desired, loved; to feel accepted, welcomed, approved of, appreciated; to be needed, to be of importance to others, especially to one particular person; to be helped, protected, taken care of, guided.”
In terms of relationship, people using this style do not love; they cling. They do not give; they only take. They do not share affection; they demand it.
The slogan that best identifies this style is “If you love me, you will not hurt me”.
Moving toward people (helplessness)
Some children find that aggressiveness and hostility are the best means of dealing with a poor home environment. This hostility includes need to exploit others, to take advantage of weaknesses in others, to be in control, to be powerful.
This style is characterized by Horney as externalization (similar to Freud’s projection), that is, the belief that all people are basically hostile and out to get what they can.
Relationships with neurotic people who use this style are necessarily shallow, unfulfilling, and ultimately painful. They regard love and other such emotions as silly and sentimental; they enter into relationships only when there is something to be gained.
The individual who uses this technique says “If I have power, no one can hurt me.”
Moving against people (hostility)
Instead of dealing with others in a dependent or hostile manner, the child may choose to reduce anxiety by being self- sufficient and independent. The desire for privacy is very strong. Such people usually find a job requiring little interaction with others; in general, they avoid affection, love, sympathy, and friendship.
This is certainly the wrong kind of person to fall in love with- affection cannot be returned; it is not even felt. Thus, for both participants, the relationship will be shallow and unrewarding.
People using this style say “If I withdraw, nothing can hurt me.”
moving away from people (isolation)
A type of intrapsychic conflicts where anextravagantlypositiveviewofthemselveswithinfinitepowersandunlimitedcapabilities;theyseethemselvesas“ahero,a genius, a supreme lover, a saint, a god.” Horney recognized the following three aspects of the idealized image.
The Idealized Self Image
it is comprehensive drive toward actualizing the ideal self. As neurotics come to believe in the reality of their idealized self, they begin to incorporate it into all aspects of their lives- their goals, their self-concept, and their relations with others. This includes three elements: the need for perfection, neurotic ambition, and the drive toward a vindictive triumph.
Ex:Act and behave as perfect Mayabang
Neurotic search for glory
a belief that something is wrong with the outside world, they proclaim that they are special and therefore entitled to be treated in accordance with their idealized view of themselves.
Ex:May mali sa mundo kaya di daw siya tinatrato ng tama. They believe they are special who needs special treatment
Neurotic claims
a false pride based not on a realistic view of the true self but on a spurious image of the idealized self.
Ex: Pinangangalandakan ang mga small achievement exxage their explanation for their small achievement. They belittle other people to maintain dominance and superiority.
Neurotic pride
it is the outcome when the neurotics realized that their self does not match the insatiable demands of their idealized self. Horney (1950) recognized six major ways in which people express ________ as follows: relentless demands on the self, merciless self-accusation, self-contempt, self-frustration, self-torment, and self-destructive actions and impulses.
Self-hatred
Type of self-hatred: set unrealistic standards
relentless demands
Tpe of self-hatred: self blame/criticizing, they not forgive themselves
Merciless self acussation
Type of self-hatred: belittle/downing themselves or doubting
Self-contemp
Tpe of self-hatred: disappointment, di tayo magaling so we dont deserve enjoyment
Self-frustation
Tpe of self-hatred: harm/pananakit sa sarili like laslas, pagpapahiya sa sarili sa past failure consciously thinking it
self-torment
which maintains that men are jealous of women’s ability to bear and nurse children. Horney did not suggest that men are therefore dissatisfied with themselves, but rather she argued that each sex has attributes that the other admires. She did suggest, however, that men compensate for their inability to have children through achievement in other domains.
Womb Envy
is to help patients gradually grown in the direction of self-realization. More specifically, the aim is to have patients give up their idealized self-image, relinquish their neurotic search for glory, and change self-hatred to an acceptance of the real self. Therefore, the therapy includes self-analysis leading to self-understanding.
As to techniques, therapists use many of the same ones employed by Freudian therapists, especially dream interpretation and free association.
Horney’s psychotherapy
