Kaplan Embryo

Question 1

Pharyngeal arch 3 gives rise to the aortic arch that contributes to the ___artery and ____artery

Answer 1

Common carotid, and internal carotid arteries bilaterally

Question 2

Pharyngeal arch 4 gives rise to the aortic arch that contributes to the ____ on the left side and ___ on the right side

Answer 2

arch of the aorta on the left, and right subclavian artery on the right

Question 3

internal carotid arteries branch into the what two cerebral arteries that form the anterior circulation of the brain?

Answer 3

middle and anterior cerebral arteries

Question 4

subclavian arteries give rise to the ___ arteries that join to form the vertebrobasilar or posterior circulation of the brain?

Answer 4

vertebral arteries

Question 5

Arch 6 gives rise to the aortic arch that contributes to the __ artery and the ____ on the left and the ___ on the right

Answer 5

pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus on the left and the pulmonary artery on the right

Question 6

The ductus arteriosus connects the ____ to the _____

Answer 6

left pulmonary artery to the aortic arch.

Question 7

Neural Crest Ectoderm

Answer 7

Adrenal medulla, all ganglia, neurons, melanocytes, Schwann cells, meninges (Pia and arachnoid), pharyngeal arch cartilage, odontoblasts, parafollicular c cells, aorticopulmonary septum (spiral septum), endocardial cushions

Question 8

cleft lip occurs when?

Answer 8

lateral maxillary prominences fail to fuse with medial nasal prominences

Question 9

cleft palate occurs when?

Answer 9

palatine shelves (maxillary prominences) fail to fuse with each other or the primary palate (fused medial nasal prominences)

Question 10

urachus obliterates and forms what?

Answer 10

mediaN umbilical ligament

Question 11

leaking of urine through the neonate’s umbilicus?

Answer 11

due to the failure of the urachus to close resulting in a urachal fistula (patent urachus)

Question 12

what is the adult remnant of the distal portion of the umbilical artery?

Answer 12

mediaL umbilical ligament

Question 13

Presentation: coughing, gagging, vomiting with feedings, may result in aspiration causing pneumonitis and wheezing?

Answer 13

tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 14

Presentation: poor air entry on the left, with a shift of cardiac sounds to the right. There is a space occupying mass in the thorax, and that causes the ipsilateral lung to be hypo-plastic to varying degrees

Answer 14

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 15

failure of the left maxillary prominence to unite with the left medial nasal prominences

Answer 15

cleft lift

Question 16

Monozygotic twins or identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg that subsequently splits during either ____ or ___ stage

Answer 16

morula or blastocyst stages

Question 17

blastocyst stage splitting ; cleavage day 4-8 would result in

Answer 17

monochorionic diamniotic ( 1 placenta with 2 amniotic cavities

Question 18

morula stage splitting; cleavage day 1-3 would result in

Answer 18

diachrorionic diamniotic

Question 19

primum type atrial septal defect

Answer 19

failure of the septum primum to fuse completely with the endocardial cushions leaving a persistent ostium primum

Question 20

the thyroid gland develops from the thyroid diverticulum which forms in the midline near the

Answer 20

foramen cecum

Question 21

occurs when a remnant of the vitelline duct persists, forming a blind pouch located in the distal ileum within 30 inches of the ileocecal valve

Answer 21

meckel diverticulum

Question 22

presentation: massive painless rectal bleeding

Answer 22

meckel’s diverticulitis that has become inflamed because it contained ectopic pancreatic or gastric mucosa which may produce ulceration

Question 23

sarcoccygeal teratomas are thought to arise from where?

Answer 23

primitive streak; because all germ layers are present.

Question 24

embryoligcal origin of external auditory meatus and canal?

Answer 24

1st pharyngeal cleft

Question 25

result from the incomplete obliteration of the second (or third or fourth) pharyngeal cleft

Answer 25

brachial cleft cyst

Question 26

hematopoiesis sequence embryologically

Answer 26

yolk sac (3 weeks) liver (1 month) spleen and lymphatic organs (2-4 months) and bone marrow after 4 months

Question 27

Presentation: severe headaches, tachycardia, palpitations, diaphoresis, anxiety and hypertensive episodes. DX? Embryological tumor origin?

Answer 27

pheochromocytoma ; neural crest cells (adrenal medulla specifically)

Question 28

oocytes arrested at what stage until puberty?

Answer 28

prophase meiosis 1

Question 29

oocytes arrested at which stage prior to ovulation?

Answer 29

metaphase meiosis 2

Question 30

presentation: projectile bilious vomiting

Answer 30

annular pancreas

Question 31

malroation of the dental pancreatic bud that rotates around both the right and left sides of the second part of the duodenum causing duodenal stenosis

Answer 31

annular pancreas

Question 32

what gives rise to neurological cells including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

Answer 32

neuroectoderm cells

Question 33

the paired umbilical arteries arise from the ____; they carry fetal _____ blood from the fetal circulation to the placenta

Answer 33

internal iliac arteries ; deoxygenated

Question 34

teacher collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dystosis) is characterized by:

Answer 34

abnormally formed mandible, ears, facial bones and palate and is due to abnormal development of the first and second pharyngeal arch, cleft, and pouch.

Question 35

rostral is _____ and caudal is ______

Answer 35

rostral opens at the cranial end (top) ; caudal is the bottom end

Question 36

hypospadias is associated with an increased frequency of what 2 things?

Answer 36

UTI and sterility (INFERTILITY)