GI

Question 1

Foregut

Answer 1

pharynx to duodenum.

Question 2

Midgut

Answer 2

duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon.

Question 3

Hindgut

Answer 3

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line.

Question 4

Midgut development:

􀂃 6th week

Answer 4

physiologic midgut herniates through umbilical ring

Question 5

Midgut development:

􀂃 10th week

Answer 5

—returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around superior mesenteric artery (SMA),
total 270° counterclockwise

Question 6

Most common TEF

Answer 6

Esophageal atresia (EA) with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

Question 7

Duodenal atresia

Answer 7

failure to recanalize 􀁰 dilation of stomach and proximal duodenum

Question 8

Duodenal atresia

Answer 8

(“double

bubble” on x-ray A ).

Question 9

Associated with Down syndrome

Answer 9

duodenal atresia

Question 10

Bilious vomiting

Answer 10

duodenal atresia

or Jejunal and ileal atresia

Question 11

Jejunal and ileal atresia

Answer 11

—disruption of mesenteric vessels –>􀁰 ischemic necrosis –>􀁰 segmental
resorption (bowel discontinuity or “apple peel”).

Question 12

extrusion of abdominal contents
through abdominal folds (typically right of
umbilicus); not covered by peritoneum.

Answer 12

Gastroschisis—

Question 13

persistence of herniation of
abdominal contents into umbilical cord,
sealed by peritoneum

Answer 13

Omphalocele—

Question 14

the spleen arises from ______but has ______ blood supply

Answer 14

Spleen—arises in mesentery of stomach (hence is mesodermal) but has foregut supply (celiac trunk
􀁰 splenic artery).

Question 15

Pancreas divisum—

Answer 15

ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks. Common anomaly; mostly
asymptomatic, but may cause chronic abdominal pain and/or pancreatitis.

Question 16

Pancreas is derived from? Ventral pancreatic buds contribute to uncinate process and main
pancreatic duct. .

Answer 16

Foregut

Question 17

dorsal pancreatic bud becomes:

Answer 17

becomes the body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct

Question 18

Ventral pancreatic buds contribute:

Answer 18

contribute to uncinate process and main pancreatic duct.

Question 19

Palpable “olive” mass in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting at ∼ 2–6 weeks old.

Answer 19

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 20

Treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 20

Treatment

is surgical incision (pyloromyotomy).

Question 21

What results in hypokalemic hypochloremic
metabolic alkalosis (2° to vomiting of gastric acid and subsequent volume contraction).

Answer 21

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis