Kapitel 5 Flashcards

1
Q

the weather

A

das Wetter

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2
Q

thunderstorm, electrical storm

A

das Gewitter

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3
Q

degree

A

der Grad

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4
Q

fog

A

der Nebel

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5
Q

rain

A

der Regen

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6
Q

rain shower

rain showers

A

der Schauer

die Schauer

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7
Q

snow

A

der Schnee

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8
Q

sun

suns

A

die Sonne

die Sonnen

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9
Q

storm

storms

A

der Sturm

die Stürme

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10
Q

temperature

temperatures

A

die Temperatur

die Temperaturen

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11
Q

cloud

clouds

A

die Wolke

die Wolken

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12
Q

to lightning

there is lightning

A
blitzen
es blitzt (es hat geblitzt)
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13
Q

to thunder

there’s thunder

A

donnern

es hat gedonnert

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14
Q

to drop, to fall

A

fallen

fällt, ist gefallen

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15
Q

to rain

A

regnen

es hat geregnet

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16
Q

to shine

A

scheinen

hat geschienen

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17
Q

to snow

A

schneien

es hat geschneit

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18
Q

to sink; to drop

A

sinken

ist gesunken

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19
Q

to rise; climb

A

steigen

ist gestiegen

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20
Q

overcast

A

bedeckt

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21
Q

hot

A

heiß

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22
Q

clear, partly sunny

A

heiter

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23
Q

cold

A

kalt

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24
Q

cool

A

kühl

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25
rotten, lousy
mies
26
wet, damp
nass
27
humid
schwül
28
sunny
sonnig
29
dry
trocken
30
warm
warm
31
windy
windig
32
cloudy
wolkig
33
The temperature is ___ degrees Celsius
Die Temperatur liegt bei ____ Grad Celcius
34
whole or all (as adj) | really, quite, or very (as adverb)
ganz
35
past participle of sein
gewesen
36
past participle of haben
gehabt
37
fun fact: Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion
C=(F-32)*(5/9)
38
When to use haben vs. sein in conversational past
haben: always used with a verb that takes a direct object. sein: used when expressing a change of location, position, or physical condition.
39
season | seasons
die Jahreszeit | die Jahreszeiten
40
spring
der Frühling
41
autum, fall
der Herbst
42
summer
der Sommer
43
winter
der Winter
44
yesterday
gestern
45
now
jetzt
46
tomorrow
morgen
47
soon
bald
48
earlier; in the past
früher
49
Acquaintance | Acquaintances
der/die Bekannte | die Bekannten
50
that
dass
51
whether, if
ob
52
because (subordinating conjunction)
weil
53
if, when, whenever
wenn
54
to (+ inf)
zu
55
each
jede(r)
56
here
hier
57
there
dort
58
later
später
59
to tell
erzählen
60
time expressions
Zeitausdrücke
61
before
bevor
62
already
schon
63
only just | just since
erst | erst (seit)
64
conversational past form of bleiben
ist geblieben
65
conversational past form of geben
hat gegeben
66
conversational past form of lesen
hat gelesen
67
conversational past form of fernsehen
hat ferngesehen
68
conversational past form of gehen
ist gegangen
69
conversational past form of laufen
ist gelaufen
70
conversational past form of trinken
hat getrunken
71
conversational past form of bringen
hat gebracht
72
conversational past form of denken
hat gedacht
73
conversational past form of essen
hat gegessen
74
conversational past form of wissen
hat gewusst
75
conversational past form of fahren
ist gefahren
76
conversational past form of kommen
ist gekommen
77
conversational past form of schreiben
hat geschrieben
78
conversational past form of gehen
ist gegangen
79
conversational past form of nehmen
hat genommen
80
conversational past form of sprechen
hat gesprochen
81
conversational past form of schwimmen
ist geschwommen
82
conversational past form of finden
hat gefunden
83
How to construct past participle for separable prefix verbs
1. Insert the "ge" between the prefix and the stem. 2. Common separable prefixes include ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, mit-, zu-, züruck Exs: Ankommen --> ist angekommen Aufhören --> hat aufgehört Einkaufen --> hat eingekauft
84
How to construct past participle for inseparable prefix verbs
1. These do not get a "ge" prefix at all. 2. Common inseparable prefixes include be-, ent-, er-, ge-, ver-, zer- Exs: erzählen --> hat erzählt verlieren --> hat verloren vergessen --> hat vergessen
85
How to construct past participle for -ieren verbs
1. These do not get a "ge" prefix at all. 2. Most of these are regular. Simply add (e)t. Exs: studieren --> hat studiert fotografieren --> hat fotografiert
86
General tips for how to construct past participle strong and mixed verbs.
1. Strong verbs generally have the "ge" prefix with "-en". (ex: hat gelesen) Some have stem changes (ex. reiten--> ist geritten). 2. Mixed verbs combine features of regular and irregular verbs. Add -t, also have stem change. 3. Many of these must simply be memorized.
87
How to construct past participle for regular verbs
1. ge + stem + (e)t | 2. Add -et when stem ends with -t, -d, -gn, -chn, or -fn
88
Where is the conjugated verb with a subordinating conjunction?
At the end of the clause/sentence.
89
simple past of sein
``` ich war du warst er/sie/es war wir waren ihr wart sie/Sie waren ```
90
simple past of haben
``` ich hatte du hattest er/sie/es hatte wir hatten ihr hattet sie/Sie hatten ```
91
When does the verb in the clause get include with zu?
1. Zu clause as a variant of subordinate clause. 2. Used with an adjective or noun with an infinitive to expand on an idea. 3. The verb is not conjugated. Ex. Es ist uncool, das zu sagen (It is uncool to say it).