Ka6 Mutations Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does the order of amino acids determine
The protein made
What are chromosomal structure mutations
Deletion
Duplication
Translation
Inversion
What does the order of DNA basss determine
Order of amino acids
What is translocation
When a deleted section of a chromosome is attached to a different chromosome that is not it’s homologous partner
What is inversion
When a sector of a chromosome is reversed
What is duplication
When a section of a chromosome is copied twice during DNA replication
What happens to single gene mutations
Alwyss alter the order of bases
Only occur in 1 gene
Can have major or minor impacts
What happens in splice site
Introns can be left in the mature mRNA transcript or a exon can not be included resulting in a non functioning protein
What can happen duing substitution
Missense
Nonsense
Splice site
What are the 2 types of mutations
Single gene mutations
Chromosomal structure mutations
What happens during nonsense
A premature stop codon could be made resulting in a smaller polypeptide chain
What is deletion in single gene mutations
When one nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence
What is deletion in chromosomal structure mutations
When a section of a chromosome is deleted
What is substitution
When one nucleotide is removed then replaced by another single nucleotide
What is a mutation
A random change in the genetic material resulting in no protein or altered protein being synthesised
What is insertion
When one nucleotide is added to the DNA sequence
What are frameshidt mutations
Deletion and insertion
What can cause mutations
Mutagenic agents
UV LIGHT
X rays
Cigarettes
Virruss
Bacteria
Mustard gas
Drinking
What happens in missense
One amino acid is altered
Have no impact or result in non functioning protein
What are single gene mutations
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
What are frameshift mutations
Insertion and deletion
These lead to a major change in the order of AA making the protein differ and usually non functioning
What happens during chromosomal structure mutations
Affects a whole region of a chromosome
Very serious and often fatal
What is the evolutionary importance of mutations
Mutations are the only source of new alleles and variation
Without mutations all organisms would be homozygous and there would be no variation
Most mutations are harmful or lethal sometimes they can be a advantage
