Just and Holy wars Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a just war?

A

A war that meets certain criteria which makes it justifiable.

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2
Q

What does the just war theory do?

A

Provides a way of accepting war when all other options have been exhausted.

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3
Q

What 3 areas are covered in the just war theory?

A
  • Jus ad bellum: consideration of whether it is right to go to war
  • Jus in bello: concerns the actions within a war, making sure correct conduct is followed
  • Jus post bellum: refers to the actions taken after war.
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4
Q

What are the 5 criteria for Jus ad bellum?

A
  • The war must be started by a proper authority e.g. government
  • The reason to go to war is just e.g. to protect
  • Everything must be done to make sure good instead of evil results from war
  • The war must be the last resort, every other way of solving the situation must have been tried and failed
  • The force used must be no more than is necessary to win, and civilians should not be targeted.
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5
Q

What does the Bible teach about war?

A

The need to aim for peace and maintain justice, though at times war may be necessary to achieve this.

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6
Q

What do all churches believe about war?

A

That the global community should t everything it can to ensure that all nations coexist peacefully.

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7
Q

What do Catholics and Anglicans agree about war?

A

It is always regretful as it signals that other peaceful means of solving a situation have failed.

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8
Q

What do Christians believe they have a responsibility to do?

A

To pray for the leaders of countries and those involved in any war that is being waged.

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9
Q

What is a holy war?

A

A war that is believed to be fought on behalf of God and with his support.

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10
Q

What are the causes for a Holy war?

A

Claiming of land for religion, spreading of the faith, the defence of religious believers.

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11
Q

3 elements of a holy war.

A
  • the achievement of a religious goal
  • being authorised by a religious leader e.g. the Pope
  • the promise of a spiritual reward for those who take part.
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12
Q

References supporting God in favour of the holy war.

A

When God sent his people into battle, e.g. in the book of Joshua.

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13
Q

Story in the book of Joshua.

A

God promises the Israelites land that others are living on. Joshua sends out spies to see the land and prepare for battle. Obeying God, they fight, win and take possession of the land.

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14
Q

What were the Crusades?

A

A series of holy wars, attempting by Christianity to reclaim the Holy Land of Jerusalem from the Muslims. Many Christians took up arms and participated out of obedience to the reigning popes. (Middle Ages, 1101-1271)

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15
Q

Were the Crusades successful?

A

No, very unsuccessful. Many people killed, and crusader knights took part in raids and looting which was not part of their mission.

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16
Q

What did US president George W. Bush claim in 2003?

A

That he had been told by God to invade Iraq as part of a God-given mission to bring peace to the Middle East, security for Israel and a state for the Palestinians. Many fundamentalists supported Bush’s belief that it was a holy war.

17
Q

What did the Reverend Barry Lynn of US campaign group say?

A

‘US soldiers are not Christian crusaders, and they ought not be depicted as such’.

18
Q

What have Catholic and Anglican churches not done?

A

Called on believers to fight in a holy war since the time of the Crusades.

19
Q

Key quote: (Joshua 8:1)

A

‘Then the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged. Take the whole army with you and go up and attack Ai. For I have delivered into your hands the king of Ai, his people, his city and his land.”’

20
Q

Key quote: (Matthew 5:43-44)

A

‘You have heard that it was said, “Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.” But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.’

21
Q

Key quote: (Micah 4:3)

A

‘He will judge between many peoples
and will settle disputes for strong nations far and wide.
They will beat their swords into plowshares
and their spears into pruning hooks.
Nation will not take up sword against nation,
nor will they train for war anymore.’