Jun 2014 Unit 1

Question 1

Describe how the RER is involved in the production of enzymes.

Answer 1

1. RER has ribosomes;

2. To make protein

Question 2

Describe how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the secretion of enzymes

Answer 2

(Golgi apparatus) modifies (protein)

Question 3

Give two risk factors associated with coronary heart disease.

Answer 3

1. Smoking

2. Heredity

Question 4

During a myocardial infarction, areas of heart muscle begin to die.
Explain why.

Answer 4

1. Reduced blood flow in coronary artery / coronary artery blocked;
2. Less / not enough / no oxygen;
3. Respiration stops (so cells start to die)

Question 5

Describe how bacteria are destroyed by phagocytes.

Answer 5

1. (Phagocyte engulfs) to form vacuole / vesicle / phagosome;
2. Lysosome empties contents into vacuole / vesicle / phagosome;
3. (Releasing) enzymes that digest / hydrolyse bacteria

Question 6

The absorption of glucose into the cell leads to the movement of water into the cell.
Explain how.

Answer 6

1. Lowers the water potential (of the cell);

2. Water moves (in) by osmosis;

Question 7

Use information from Figure 2 to explain how the pressure in the dog’s ventricle is
related to the thickness of the ventricle wall

Answer 7

1. Thickness of wall increases because ventricle (wall) contracts;
2. Contraction causes the increase in pressure

Question 8

Group A acted as a control in this investigation.

Explain the purpose of this group

Answer 8

1. To show the effect of the inhibitor / drug;

2. To show the effect of yoghurt

Question 9

Apart from the yoghurt, it was important that all of the mice were given the same food each day.
Give two reasons why it was important that all of the mice were given the same food
each day.

Answer 9

1. different foods contain different amounts of starch

2. To keep starch intake the same

Question 10

The scientists’ hypothesis was that adding the inhibitor of amylase to the food would
lead to a lower blood glucose concentration.
Use your knowledge of digestion to suggest how the addition of the inhibitor could lead
to a lower blood glucose concentration.

Answer 10

Less E-S complexes are formed

less / no starch digested to maltose

Question 11

Give one reason why these results may not support the use of the inhibitor of amylase to treat diabetes in mice.

Answer 11

There is a small sample size
mean is not reliable
No group without yoghurt;
So cannot compare to other groups

Question 12

Describe the results FEV.

Answer 12

FEV falls / drops with age

The more times you’ve had tb the faster it falls.

Question 13

Tuberculosis leads to permanent changes in the gas exchange system.
These changes include fibrosis.
Explain how fibrosis caused by tuberculosis could have produced the changes in FEV
of the miners.

Answer 13

1. Development of scar tissue
2. Loss of elasticity
3. Restricts inhalation

Question 14

People given whole-cell vaccines were more likely to develop harmful side effects than
the people given the vaccines containing parts of the bacterial cells (lines 4–6).
Suggest reasons why.

Answer 14

1. Heat(ing) supposed to kill bacteria;
2. Some might be alive / active/ viable;
3. (If so) bacteria could reproduce;

Question 15

People given whole-cell vaccines produced a greater range of antibodies against the
bacterium than the people given the vaccines containing parts of the bacterial cells
(lines 7–8).
Explain why

Answer 15

1. (Contains) many different / greater range of antigens;
2. Each antigen causes its own immune
   response

Question 16

The scientists concluded from their test that 4% of patients with long-term coughs actually had whooping cough (line 15).
Explain how they used the results of their test to reach this conclusion

Answer 16

1. Only patients who had whooping
cough have toxin / antibody / immune
response;
2. Toxin is an antigen;
3. Toxin (only) produced by this
bacterium