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Logic > Judgment And Proposition > Flashcards

Judgment And Proposition Flashcards

1
Q

Nominal definition of judgment

A

Jus right and dicere, to call or pronounce. Therefore, judgment nominally means to pronounce one’s right

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2
Q

Real definition of judgment

A

An act of the intellect pronouncing the agreement or disagreement of ideas among themselves. Or judgment is an act of the intellect affirming or denying an idea of another person

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3
Q

The constituent of judgment

A

🔘Two ideas

🔘Mental pronouncement

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4
Q

When can a judgment be right or wrong?

A

When a judgment conforms to reality or truth, such judgment is right, but when it does not conform to reality or truth, such judgment is wrong

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5
Q

Nominal definition of proposition

A

“Pro-ponere”, to set forth

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6
Q

Real definition of proposition

A

Proposition is a judgment expressed in a sentence. Or, proposition is the oral or written expression of judgment.

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7
Q

Other definition of proposition

A

A proposition is a discourse that expresses either truth or falsify. A proposition is the only kind of discourse that can be true or false in the strict sense and every proposition is one or the other.

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8
Q

The elements of proposition

A

🔘Subject
🔘Predicate
🔘Copula

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9
Q

The subject matter of the proposition

A

Subject

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10
Q

Describes or tells something about the subject

A

Predicate

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11
Q

Connects the subject and the predicate

A

Copula

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12
Q

The matter of proposition

A

Subject and predicate

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13
Q

Form of the proposition

A

Copula

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14
Q

Division of proposition

A

General types

Special type

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15
Q

Under general types of proposition

A

Re quantity of subject
Re quality of copula
Re relation of copula

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16
Q

What are the four types of proposition that may be deduced if quantity of subject and quality of copula combined

A

🔘Affirmative Universal Proposition (A)
🔘Negative Universal Prop (E)
🔘Affirmative Particular Prop (I)
🔘Negative Particular prop (O)

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17
Q

Under special types of proosition

A

🔘Categorical Prop.

🔘Hypothetical Prop

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18
Q

Makes a direct assertion of agreement or disagree between the subject and the predicate

Ex.
Pedro is a man

A

Categorical Proposition

19
Q

Contains one subject, one predicate and one copula

Ex.
Pepe is a hero

A

Single proposition

20
Q

Has one subject, one predicate and once copula without any qualification or modifier.

Dx
Jojo is fine.
A student studies.

A

Simple proposition

21
Q

Contains one subject, one predicate and one copula plus some further qualification

Ex
Jojo is very fine
All student study hard

A

Composite proposition

22
Q

Either of the extremes is modified

Ex
Thoughtful friends are rare
Big men are strong

A

Explicative and restrictive proposition

23
Q

The copula is modified

Ex
The weather is always good

A

Modal proposition

24
Q

Under modal proposition; one in which subject and predicate belong to each other in such a way that it cannot be otherwise

Ex
The square must have four sides.
The circle must be round

A

Necessary modal proposition

25
Q

Under modal proposition, the predicate actually belongs to the subject, but it can be absent

Ex
The girl is eating banana
The tree has leaves

A

Contingent proposition

26
Q

Under modal proposition, the predicate actually does not belong to the subject, but it can belong to it.

Ex
Roland can swim

A

Possible proposition

27
Q

Under modal proposition, the predicate cannot belong to the subject

Ex
Fish can sing

A

Impossible proposition

28
Q

Has two or more subjects or two or moe predicates

Ex
Pepo and Joel are friends

A

Multiple proposition

29
Q

Has one principal clause and one or more dependent clauses

Ex
It is clear that it will rain.

A

Complex (multiple) proposition

30
Q

Has two or more independent clauses

Ex
I will call you and you will tell me everything

A

Compound (multiple) proposition

31
Q

Plainly and clearly composed of two or more proposition

Ex.
Duterte wins as president and all congressmen jumps to his political party

A

Overtly multiple proposition

32
Q

Has the appearance of a single proposition whereas in reality it is multiple one

A

Covertly multiple proposition

33
Q

They contain a word such as “alone” “but” “only” attached to the subject or predicate

Ex
Only God is perfect

A

Exclusive Proposition

34
Q

Contain a word such as “except” or “save” attached to the subject or predicate

Ex
All Filipinos are brave except one.

A

Exceptive proposition

35
Q

They duplicate the subject or predicate with words like “as such” “as a “

Ex
A president as such must be a person of integrity and morals

A

Reduplicative propositions

36
Q

The extrnal form id the same ad in the case of reduplicative propositions.

Ex
Brent as my student respects me in class

A

Specificative propositions

37
Q

Dofference of reduplicative proposition from specificative proposition

A

The redlicative proposition indicates the cause of the connection between subject and predicate; the specificative one indicates circumstances of time, lace, status, etc.

38
Q

They tell when something begins or ends.

Ex
Mother earth is dying because humanity has begun to abuse her.

A

Inceptive and desitive proposition

39
Q

Expresses a judgment as dependent on another judgment, not an absolute one. A.k.a sequential proposition

Ex
Man is free, or not free.

A

Hypothetical proposition

40
Q

Hypothetical proositions are sub classified as

A

🔘Conditional
🔘Disjunctive
🔘Conjunctive

41
Q

A proposition that expresses a judgment as depending on a certain provision. It expresses a relationship of antecedence and of consequence between two judgment

A

Conditional

42
Q

This is a proosition expressing alternatives, all of whoch cannot be true, or false together; but only one can be true with the exclusion of the rest

A

Disjunctive

43
Q

This is a proposition that expresses the incompatibility of several alternatives. It is complementary to disjunctive.

A

Conjunctive

Logic (7 decks)

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