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Studies of Religion > Judaism: Hasidim ✅ > Flashcards

Judaism: Hasidim ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

Outline some features of Hasidic Courts

A
  • All within walking distance of a synagogue.
  • Many different courts and their rebbes are known by the name of the town where they originated e.g. Chernobyler Hasidim from Chernobyl.
  • Courts have their own synagogues, education systems and usually act as partially independent societies and economies.
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2
Q

Definition: A long black cloth jacket

A

Rekel

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3
Q

Definition: Rebbe

A

A rabbi, especially a religious leader of the Hasidic sect.

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4
Q

What is the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas called?

A

Assimilation

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5
Q

What is a Jew?

A

1) was born of a Jew

2) Converted to Judaism according to the requirements of Halacha

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6
Q

Definition: Shidduch

A

A Jewish arranged marriage.

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7
Q

Definition: Assimilation

A

The process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas

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8
Q

What is the title given in Hasidim given to people considered righteous called?

A

A Tzaddik

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9
Q

Definition: Bekishe

A

A silk or satin robe

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10
Q

What were the three reasons Hasidic Jews encountered opposition?

A

1) The Tzaddik
- Hasidim has been attacked by Jews who opposed the doctrine of the Tzaddik. They were afraid that Hasidim would undermine the older order.
2) The Torah
- It was feared that the study of the Torah was being undermined
3) Outwards appearance
- They were rejected on the basis of the dress codes of Hasidic adherents.

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11
Q

Definition: A type of prayer belt

A

Gartel

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12
Q

Quote - Long Curls

A

“You shall not round the corners of your heads, nor mar the edges of your beards” (Leviticus 18:27)

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13
Q

Outline how Hasidim contributed to the world through their sharper knifes

A
  • Hasidim practices ritual slaughter in the 18th century and created sharply honed knives
  • The mitnagdim opposed it passionately
    * They opposed it because they believed that killing an animal in this way was against halacha law.
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14
Q

Definition: A Jewish arranged marriage.

A

Shidduch

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15
Q

Definition: Opponents to Hasidim

A

Mitnagdim

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16
Q

Outline how Hasidim impacted Judaism through its renewed emphasis to the important expressions of the faith

A

Brought a renewed emphasis to aspects such as:
• Respect for simple Jews
• Spirituality
• Ethics
• Compassion to others
• The belief that true religion was the same as joy

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17
Q

Quote - Bible verse relating to the core belief of Hasidim which says ‘Joyfulness is found in everyday life’

A

“the whole world is full of his glory” Isaiah 6:13

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18
Q

Definition: long sideburns or ringlets

A

Payot

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19
Q

Quote - relating to the core belief of Hasidim which says ‘In general, prayer and experience is superior to Torah study’

A

“…purity of the heart was superior to study” (Jewish dictionary)

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20
Q

Definition: A rabbi, especially a religious leader of the Hasidic sect.

A

Rebbe

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21
Q

Definition: Tefillin

A

A cubic black leather box with leather straps that Orthodox and Hasidic Jewish men wear on their head and their arm during weekday morning prayer.

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22
Q

What are the tightly-knit communities in Hasidim called?

A

Courts

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23
Q

What is the process in whereby Hasidic men and women meet to get married?

A

• They usually meet through matchmakers in a process called shidduch

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24
Q

Definition: A cubic black leather box with leather straps that Orthodox and Hasidic Jewish men wear on their head and their arm during weekday morning prayer.

A

Tefillin

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25
What are three contributions of Hasidim to the world?
* Yeshiva Schools * Sharper Knifes * Expansion of the printing press
26
Describe the traditional male Hassidic dress-code
* traditional dress of black coat and hat with a white shirt. On weekdays they wear a long black cloth jacket called a ‘rekel’ * Many wear a little box on their heads during prayer called a ‘tefillin’ * Men often wear a long curl on either side of their face * On Shabbat (and other Jewish holy days) they wear a long black silk or satin robe called a ‘bekishe’, with which they use a ‘gartel’, a type of prayer belt. * Hasidim customarily wear black hats during the weekdays. A variety of hats are worn depending on the sect. Hasidim wear a variety of fur headdresses on Shabbat.
27
Quote - Jews disregarding Hasidim
“They conduct themselves as madmen, and explain their behavior by saying that in their thoughts they soar in the most far off world.” - Rabbinical authorities
28
Quote - relating to the core belief of Hasidim which says 'Hasidim is not a new movement, but that ancient ideas are given new life'
"Everyone can attain the highest [spiritual] level" Rabbi Nachman
29
Outline possible reasons for the shift Hasidim took from liberal to conservative Judaism
* The world keeps changing and evolving whereas the Jewish people are sticking to their roots. * Increased literacy rates of the world means the original purpose of Hasidim is no longer relevant. * They may have slowly converged back to orthodoxy
30
Outline Hasidim in Australia
* Hasidic communities have flourished in Australia in recent years * While communities are thriving in cities, the first Hasidic committees fled the Holocaust and resided in Sherperton, Victoria. * The Hasidic Jews have remained relatively small in Australia, however their enthusiasm has given them an influence far beyond their numbers.
31
What is the typical age Hasidic Jews get married?
18-21
32
What are Yeshiva schools? Outline how Hasidim contributed to the world through the creation of Yeshiva Schools
* Provided education to Jewish children of all ages * It focuses on teaching then next generation Hebrew and Torah studies. This re-established the primacy of the Torah whilst keeping insularity and maintaining Jewsish observance. * This guarantees the longevity of the Hasidic tradition and ensuring the connection with the Torah in a modernised society.
33
Quote - Shift from liberalism to conservatism
“There is a hint of irony about the fact that Hasidic Jews, who were in the eighteenth century were accused of heterodoxy, have become one of the chief carries of a traditional form of Judaism.” (Eva Van Loenen)
34
Definition: Shadchan
Jewish Matchmaker
35
Definition: A silk or satin robe
Bekishe
36
Describe the traditional female Hassidic dress-code
* Long conservative skirts and sleeves past the elbow from the standard as well as covered neck lines. They also wear stockings to cover their legs. * In many Hasidic groups the women wear wigs as married women are not allowed to show their hair. Other Hasidic groups consider wigs to natural looking and simply put their hair into nets called ‘snoods’
37
Definition: Jewish Matchmaker
Shadchan
38
Who was Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezeritch?
The Great Maggid and the first and best disciple of the Baal Shem Tov.
39
Outline some characteristics of modern-day Hasidim
- Strict to their devotions - Missionary minded (typically only to non-Hasidic Jews) - Leadership is often charismatic -
40
Definition: Is a title given in Judaism given to people considered righteous
Tzaddik
41
What are opponents to Hasidim called?
Mitnagdim
42
Definition: Gartel
A type of prayer belt
43
Definition: Tzaddik
A title given in Hasidim given to people considered righteous
44
Outline how Hasidim impacted Judaism through its renewed emphasis on several aspects of Jewish teachings
Physical and spiritual revival: • Seeks to help Jews rediscover their faith Personal piety beyond the letter of the law Refinement of character • Developing maturity, good habits and good manners • Inclusive, not exclusive approach Experiential and practical Judaism • The legalism of Judaism and the mysticism of Kabbalah should both be made more understandable • Allowed an alternative from the mundane lifestyle of practising traditional Jewish faith and instead allowed people to practice the faith through a more enjoyable manner (song, dance etc)
45
Definition: Rekel
A long black cloth jacket
46
By the 1930's, how many Hasidic Jews were there?
7 million
47
Definition: Nets to conceal hair
Snoods
48
What is a sacred lamp stand with seven branches used in ancient temple in Jerusalem called?
A Menorah
49
How is Hasidim growing today?
* Hasidic groups attract many new members as secularised Jews seek to return to their religious roots. * Members are still continuing to grow rapidly due to its tradition of marrying young and having large families.
50
Quote - relating to the core belief of Hasidim which says 'Joyfulness is found in everyday life'
"...man will always serve God even in the small matters." Baal Shev Tov
51
Quote - Tefillin
“Bind them [tefillins] as a sign on your hand and let them serve as a frontlet between your eyes” (Deuteronomy 6:8)
52
What are the three ways Hasidim has impacted Judaism as a whole?
* Brought a renewed emphasis to the important expressions of the faith * It emphasises several aspects of Jewish teaching * Hasidic Jews emphasis a number of particular rituals, customs and practices
53
Name a famous rabbi that opposed Hasidim
Rabbi Elijah ben Shlomo Zalman.
54
Outline how Hasidim contributed to the world through the expansion of the printing press
* Around Late 18th C. * Economic and industrial transformation * Jewish ‘media’ plagued Eastern Europe * They printed prayer books, Pentateuchs, Talmud, halacach codes ect. * Because the printing press was distributing high levels of Jewish, Hasidic literature, their business boomed and paved the way for other literature to be published. * Increased literacy rates * Employed women
55
Definition: Payot
long sideburns or ringlets
56
Who was the Great Maggid?
Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezeritch, the first and best disciple of the Baal Shem Tov.
57
Definition: Snoods
Nets to conceal hair
58
What 20th century events did the Hasidic movement suffer from?
The Holocaust and post war communism.
59
What is a rabbi, especially a religious leader of the Hasidic sect called?
A Rebbe
60
What are the five core beliefs of Hasidim?
1. Hasidim is not a new movement, but that ancient ideas are given new life. 2. Being truly good is more important than scholarship 3. Joyfulness is found in everyday life 4. An individual's relationship with God and the community is more important that strict observance of Jewish law 5. Prayer and experience is superior to Torah study.
61
What effect did Hasidim have to Jews when it spread through Europe?
It completely revitalised the demoralised Jews, it spread quickly and was embraced by the masses who felt comforted by it and sustained.
62
Outline how Hasidim impacted Judaism through its renewed emphasis on particular rituals, customs, and practices
Concentrated prayer • Often lengthy prayer involving strict mental concentration • When Hasidic Jews pray, they often sway back and forth with the rhythm of the Hebrew prayer. •“All bones will say, God, who is like you?” (Talmud) Immersion in a ritual bath to achieve spiritual cleanliness, sometimes daily Distinctive dress, similar to Eastern Europe: • Black suits • No necktie • Long silk robes • Fur hats. • The sides of the face are not shaved and long sideburns or ringlets (called ‘payot’ are the custom) Many Hasidim speak Yiddish, a Jewish dialect from Europe as they consider Hebrew to be a holy language not to be used in daily life.
63
Definition: Mitnagdim
Opponents to Hasidim
64
Definition: The process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas
Assimilation

Studies of Religion (11 decks)

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