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RE > judaism: beliefs and teachings > Flashcards

judaism: beliefs and teachings Flashcards

1
Q

God as one means…

A

-single, whole, invisible being
-only being who should be praised & worshipped
-source of all Jewish beliefs and values
-creator & sustainer of everything in universe

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2
Q

where is the belief in one God expressed?

A

shema

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3
Q

shema quote

A

‘the lord alone’

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4
Q

what is the jewish bible called?

A

the tenakh

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5
Q

what is the first section of the tenakh called?

A

torah (the five books of moses)

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6
Q

events of genesis (creation of the earth)

A

-4 days to make the universe for to support life
-2 days to create all living creatures
-rest on 7th day -> shabbat

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7
Q

orthodox jews & the creation story

A

-believe the events of genesis happened literally about 6000 years ago
-the reject scientific theories of evolution

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8
Q

reform jews & the creation story

A

-take genesis story less literally
-God is creator of everything, but universe is much older & life has evolved over many years

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9
Q

God is… (omni….)

A

-omnipotent
-omniscient
-omnipresent

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10
Q

in addition to creating the universe, God…

A

sustains it

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11
Q

God and evil

A

-God gave people free will because he wants them to choose to do good (makes the act of doing good more significant)
-to exercise free will, there must be a choice between good and bad
-evil has to exist

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12
Q

quote to show that God created good and evil

A

‘I form light and create darkness’

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13
Q

613 laws in the torah

A

the 613 mitzvot

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14
Q

what do the 613 mitzvot form the basis for?

A

-the halakah (accepted code of conduct for Jewish life)

(they are guidance on how to use free will correctly)

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15
Q

what are the first ten mitzvot?

A

the ten commandments

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16
Q

what do jews believe that God judges them for?

A

how well they follow these laws, based on their actions, behaviour and beliefs

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17
Q

what is God’s judgement said to be?

A

fair due to his loving, merciful nature

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18
Q

when does God judge the jews?

A

-rosh hashanah (the jewish new year) when God judges people for their actions over the past year and decides what the coming year will bring them
-after death, when God determines how they will spend the afterlife

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19
Q

what is the shekinah?

A

the divine presence of God

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20
Q

how was the shekinah witnessed by the early jews?

A

the tabernacle was considered to house the divine presence of God

-a portable temple, similar in structure to a tent, that the jews carried with them on their journey through the wilderness to canaan
-after canaan was conquered, the tabernacle was replaced with solomon’s temple in jerusalem
-this temple was the centre of jewish worship at the time, and several of the prophets experienced the presence of God in the temple

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21
Q

what were the jews led by in their journeys to canaan?

A

a pillar of fire or cloud

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22
Q

do the holy jewish books say a lot about the afterlife?

A

no

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23
Q

are jews generally concerned with the afterlife?

A

jews are not too concerned with the afterlife, they think it is more important to focus on the present and to live in a way that is pleasing to God

24
Q

where do jews believe they will go if they follow their faith correctly?

A

gan eden (heaven)

25
Q

what do jews believe that gan eden is like?

A

-a place where people are with God
-it is not known if this is a state of consciousness, or a physical or spiritual place

26
Q

what is sheol?

A

a place of waiting where souls are cleansed

27
Q

do jews believe in a place of eternal punishment?

A

no

28
Q

when do jews believe they will be judged?

A

-some jews believe they will be judged by God as soon as they die because of ‘dust returns to the ground … lifebreath returns to God’

-others believe God will judge everyone on the day of judgement, after the coming of the messiah because of ‘those that sleep in the dust … will awake, some to eternal life’

-some jews believe in the idea of physical or spiritual resurrection, but many do not

29
Q

origins of the messiah

A

-‘messiah’ was originally used in the tenakh to refer to the kings of israel
-the first king of israel was saul, who lived around the eleventh century BE
-before saul was made king, the prophet samuel anointed him with oil to show he was chosen by God to rule over the jews
-the word ‘messiah’ means ‘the anointed one

30
Q

what does the word messiah refer to now?

A

-a future leader of the jews
-this leader is expected to be a future king of israel - a descendent of saul’s successor, king david

31
Q

the nature of the messiah

A

-will lead the jews during the messianic age
-a time in the future of global peace and harmony, when everyone will want to become closer to God

32
Q

what do orthodox jews believe about the messiah?

A

-orthodox jews believe there is a descendent of king david in every generation who has the potential to become the messiah
-if the jews are worthy of redemption, this person will be directed by God to become the messiah

33
Q

what do orthodox jews believe about the messiah?

A

-orthodox jews believe there is a descendent of king david in every generation who has the potential to become the messiah
-if the jews are worthy of redemption, this person will be directed by God to become the messiah

34
Q

the future messiah will…

A

-rule over humanity with kindness and justice
-uphold the law in the torah and be the ultimate teacher of it
-rebuild the temple in jerusalem and gather all jews back to israel
-bring in world peace and unite humanity together

35
Q

was jesus the messiah?

A

-jews do not believe that jesus was the messiah as he did not fulfil the expectations that jews have for the messiah - he did not observe torah law strictly enough or establish the messianic age

36
Q

do reform jews believe in a messiah?

A

no, but they do believe in a future messianic age, which will be achieved by everyone working together to create world peace, rather than as the result of the leadership of one person

37
Q

abraham’s life story

A

-born in the city of ur (20th or 19th century)
-at that time people worshipped idols of many different gods
-from an early age, abraham became convinced there was only one God who had created everything & worshipping idols was wrong

-abraham tried to convince the people in ur to stop worshipping idols, but had little success
-abraham & some of his family decided to leave ur to travel to canaan
-before they reached canaan, they settled on the way at haran

-many years later, God told abraham to continue the journey to canaan, promising to make a great nation through him
-they reached canaan & it is known as the promised land

38
Q

what is a covenant?

A

an agreement between God and an individual person

39
Q

the covenant with abraham

A

-God promised to make abraham the father of many nations
-abraham had to ‘be blameless’
-the covenant was sealed through the action of circumcision (abraham was circumcised and circumcised all the males in his household)
-God kept his part of the covenant by making it possible for sarah to conceive, despite the fact she was very old
-sarah gave birth to a son called isaac, his birth is seen as a gift from God to mark the start of the covenant between abraham and God

40
Q

the escape from egypt

A

-about 400 years after God made the covenant with abraham, the jews were being forced to work as slaves in egypt
-God chose moses to lead their escape, he told moses to ask the egyptian pharaoh to release the jews from slavery, so they could return to caanan
-after God had sent a number of plagues to egypt, the pharaoh agreed to release the jews
-the jews left egypt & wandered for many years in the desert in the sinai region
-when they arrived at mt sinai, moses climbed the mountain & left the jews at the base
-here, God gave moses the ten commandments, these were carved on two tablets of stone that moses carried down the mountain

41
Q

what do the ten commandments teach jews?

A

-foundation of jewish law
-how to have a good relationship with God (the first four commandments)
-how to have good relationships with each other to create a peaceful society (the last six commandments)

42
Q

what do the ten commandments form the basis for? (hint: moses)

A

the covenant at sinai

43
Q

what was the covenant at sinai?

A

-God would protect the jews from harm
-in return, jews would have to obey his laws
(eg: ten commandments & torah)

44
Q

why do jews believe that they are the chosen ones?

A

the covenant at mt sinai

45
Q

justice (key moral principle)

A

-bringing about what is right and fair
-sacred duty for jews

-laws in the torah give guidance to jews on how to treat the poor and vulnerable, to help achieve justice

46
Q

quote about justice

A

the prophet micah states that God requires people ‘to do justice’ (torah)

47
Q

healing the world (key moral principle)

A

-taking actions to help God’s work in sustaining the world
-jews help to heal the world by contributing to social justice/ helping to protect the environment
-healing the world links to jewish beliefs about God as the creator and sustainer, by helping to heal the world, jews are helping to sustain the world that God created
-some jews believe healing the world is more than just doing charity work
-they believe it should also include obeying the mitzvot and trying to become closer to God

48
Q

kindness to others (key moral principle)

A

-showing positive, caring actions towards all living things
-many of the laws in the torah give guidance to jews on how to be kind to others
-the torah teaches that jews should love others as they love themselves

49
Q

quote about kindness to others

A

‘love your fellow as yourself” (torah)

50
Q

sanctity of life

A

-genesis 2 tells how God breathed life into adam and the whole of creation
-life is valuable and sacred, because it is given by God
-because God gave life to humans, only God has the right to take it away
-jews have a duty to preserve life

51
Q

belief in the sanctity of life means?

A

jews shouldn’t do anything to quicken someone’s life (eg: murder, euthanasia)

52
Q

quote to support the sanctity of life

A

destroying ‘one soul of a human being’ is like destroying ‘a whole world’ (talmud)

53
Q

pickuach nefesh

A

-a duty to save a person’s life if they can, even if this breaks jewish law
-pikuach nefesh emphasises how valuable human life is to jews, as it puts human life above jewish law

54
Q

examples of laws that might be broken to save a life

A

-jews are required to observe shabbat, but jews are allowed to break shabbat law in order to save a life

55
Q

what two categories can mitzvot be split into?

A

-mitzvot between man and God
-mitzvot between man and man

56
Q

mitzvot between man and God

A

-mitzvot that tell jews how they can improve their relationship with God
-cover areas such as worship, sacrifice, and the observance of festivals
-most important are the first four 10 commandments

57
Q

mitzvot between man and man

A

-how to improve their relationship with other people
-important because the torah teaches that jews should show love towards others
-cover areas such as the treatment of workers and how to settle disputes
-help Jews to live as members of their faith and community in a way that pleases God

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