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RE > incarnation > Flashcards

incarnation Flashcards

1
Q

how does the incarnation show that God loves humans?

A

he was prepared to experience being human and suffer crucificion

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2
Q

how does incarnation help christian’s to value God’s love?

A

God knows what it is like to be human

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3
Q

incarnation

A

when God took on the human condition to become Jesus

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4
Q

what is the annunciation?

A

when the angel gabriel asked mary to accept the role of the mother of the son of God (luke)

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5
Q

luke’s account events

A

(focuses on mary’s role in the incarnation)

-tells the story of when the angel gabriel visited mary
-gabriel tells mary she will conceive and give birth to a son, named Jesus, who will be the son of God
-Jesus will be conceived through the power of the HS
-because it is important to God that humans have free will, God gives Mary the choice of whether or not to be Jesus’ mother
-mary gives her consent and agrees to God’s wishes by saying
-gabriel’s message is for all believers, as through jesus’ birth God is fulfilling his promises to the jews
-jesus is fully human and fully God

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6
Q

how can we remember that luke’s account is about mary?

A

the l in luke stands for lady

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7
Q

quotes from luke’s account

A

-‘let it be with me’
-‘son of the most high’

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8
Q

matthew’s account

A

(focuses on Joseph’s part in the incarnation)

-tells the story of how Joseph planned to break up with mary because she was pregnant before they were married
-but an angel visited Joseph in one of his dreams and told him it was right to marry mary, because her child was conceived by the HS
-the angel confirms that jesus (whose name means’God saves’) is being sent to earth by God to save humanity from its sins
-the angel also calls jesus by the name
the emmanuel (jewish name meaning
‘God is with us’, which confirms that Jesus is the Son of God)

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9
Q

how can we remember that matthew’s account is about joseph?

A

the m in matthew stands for man

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10
Q

quotes from matthew’s account

A

-‘the child conceived in her is from the holy spirit’
-‘you are to name him jesus for he will save his people from their sins’

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11
Q

what similarities do luke’s and matthew’s accounts have between them?

A

-mary was a virgin
-God worked through human beings to bring about his plan for humanity
-jesus was conceived by the power of the HS
-jesus was the son of God
-the angel gabriel announced Jesus’ birth

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12
Q

what is the word of God another name for?

A

the son of God

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13
Q

what does Jesus being the word of God mean?

A

Jesus is God’s expression of his love for humans

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14
Q

how did the word of God become human?

A

in the form of Jesus, which is why Jesus is sometimes called the Word of God made flesh

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15
Q

how do we know that the word is eternal (through john)?

A

‘in the beginning was the word’

-like God the father, the word of God has always existed

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16
Q

how do we know that the word of God is God (through john)?

A

‘the word was God’

-a word comes from inside a person and is an expression of what is inside that person
-the word of God comes from inside God and is God’s self-expression

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17
Q

how do we know that the word of God is different from God (through john)?

A

‘the word was with God’

-while the word and God are united and co-exist, there is also a distinction between them

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18
Q

how do we know that the word of God is how God expresses his power and love (through john)?

A

explanation: the word of God gives life, light and guidance to people

‘what has come into being in him was life, and the life was the light of all people’

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19
Q

how do we know that jesus is the word of God (through john)?

A

‘the word became flesh and lived among us…’

-this confirms that jesus is the word of God

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20
Q

jesus was fully human

A

-christians believe jesus was fully human, as he lived a complete human life filled with human experiences and emotions
-jesus’ human nature is emphasised in the phrase ‘the son of man, which he sometimes used to talk about himself when talking about his crucifixion

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21
Q

quote to show that jesus was fully human

A

‘why have you forsaken me?’
-if jesus were not fully human, he would not have been bothered by the pain suffering of his crucifixion

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22
Q

what two meanings does the phrase God of man have?

A
  1. as a general title that any person might use to refer to themselves
  2. as a title for someone who has been given power and authority
    by God
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23
Q

when did jesus acknowledge himself as son of God?

A

when jesus was arrested and brought before the jewish council, the high priest asked jesus: ‘are you the messiah, the son of the blessed one?’

jesus replied by saying ‘I am’

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24
Q

how does the resurrection prove that jesus always was God?

A

-God is eternal, so has no beginning or end, this means that Jesus could not become God after his death
-the resurrection proves that jesus always was God, but during his life on earth he limited himself to the human condition

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25
Q

ichthus (fish)

A

-the greek word ichthus means fish -christians use this word as an acronym
-in the early days of christianity, the ichthus symbol was used by Christians as a declaration of their faith, as it showed they believed jesus was the son of God and the saviour
-at a time when christians could be persecuted for their faith, they could quickly draw and then erase the fish symbol to show they were christians, or to indicate where christian meetings were being held

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26
Q

alpha and omega as a sign + its uses

A

-alpha is the first letter of the greek alphabet, omega is the last letter
-they are used to show that God and jesus are involved in everything from beginning to end
-they have been used in christianity since at least the first century
-they are referred to in the book of revelation
-used in churches, vestments, christian art & paschal candles

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27
Q

chi-rho

A

-a monogram formed from the first two letters of the greek word for christ, when written in capitals
-reminds christians that jesus was sent by God to save humanity through his death
-symbol inspires christians
-sone christians may wear the chi-rho as an alternative to the cross or crucifix, as an expression of their faith

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28
Q

why do catholics believe that it’s okay to show God in art?

A

because God showed himself on earth as a human in the incarnation

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29
Q

reasons against religious art

A

1) it isn’t possible to portray God (an infnite & transcendent God cannot be accurately represented using finite
human means)

2) art can mislead people about what God is like (because art cannot portray God accurately, it can give people wrong ideas about what God is like)

3) praying in front of an image or a statue may mislead people (when people pray in front of an image or a statue, others may get the impression that the image or statue is being worshipped as a God)

4) it is against the second commandment (some people, such as jews and some Christians, including baptists and methodists, believe the second commandment forbids people to make statues or paintings of God.
‘you shall not make for yourself an idol’

5) depicting Jesus as a human could be misleading, because it ignores the fact he is also fully God

6) no one knows what Jesus looked like, so it is wrong to try to depict him through art

30
Q

the church teaches that religious art can:

A

-inspire people
-give people something to focus on as they pray
-help people to learn about aspects of God’s work
-have a positive role in religious life

31
Q

catholics reasons for religious art (jesus)

A

1) jesus was fully human (this makes it acceptable to show jesus in a human form. although no one knows what jesus looked like, the bible teaches that he was a man with human qualities; therefore any work of art that captures these qualities has value)

2) jesus died to save all of humanity (this means jesus can be shown as a member of any ethnicity, because all people in the world were affected by his death and resurrection)

3) it can help people to focus on aspects of jesus’s teachings and life

32
Q

christ the redeemer

A

-a statue of Jesus with outstretched arms
-represent his obedience to God the father and love for all people

33
Q

the crucifix

A

-a reminder of the crucifixion of jesus and God’s act of love in freeing people from the power of sin and death

34
Q

what is the sacred heart?

A

a statue of Jesus that represents his total self-giving love for all people

35
Q

features of the sacred heart:

A

-flames coming from the heart, which represent the burning love that jesus has for all people

-a hole or piercing through the heart to represent one of the soldiers piercing jesus’ side with a spear after he died)

-holes in the hands, from where Jesus was nailed to the cross

-one of Jesus’ hands pointing to his heart, to draw attention to it

-a crown of thorns surrounding the heart to represent the crown that was placed on Jesus’ head when he was mocked by soldiers at his crucifixion

-on expression of peace and love on the statues face

36
Q

significance of the sacred heart

A

-a reminder of the total love that jesus has for all people
-this love was demonstrated when jesus accepted his death in order to save humanity, which is why the sacred heart statue includes symbols of jesus’ crucifixion

37
Q

what did jesus give his followers through his teachings?

A

a new and deeper understanding of the law

38
Q

what two things do christian’s believe that jesus did concerning the law?

A

-jesus ‘fulfilled’ the law
-jesus developed the law to make it more perfect

39
Q

what was mainly taught in the old testament?

A

the law mainly focused on the actions people should or shouldn’t do

40
Q

what was jesus’s approach to advising on laws?

A

-jesus taught that it is more important to focus on people’s attitudes
-if people start with the right attitude, then they will do the right thing
-for example, Jesus taught that instead of just avoiding murder, people should have a loving attitude and should avoid getting angry with others

41
Q

what is the sermon on the mount?

A

a sermon that jesus gave to his followers to teach them how to live a life dedicated to pleasing God

42
Q

what do the beatitudes form?

A

the first part of the sermon on the mount

43
Q

in what book of the bible can the beatitudes be found?

A

matthew

44
Q

what are the beatitudes?

A

a series of statements in which Jesus blessed certain attitudes or approaches to living, and said how people with those attitudes would be rewarded

45
Q

examples of the beatitudes:

A

‘blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth’

‘blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied’

‘blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God’

46
Q

the parable of the sheep and goats

A

-a story in the Bible in which jesus tells his followers that in serving and caring for other people, they are serving God
-it shows christians how they should respond to those in need

-jesus teaches that caring for people in need is extremely important
-by showing love and kindness to others, christians will be judged favourably by God and rewarded with eternal life in heaven

47
Q

quotes from the parable of the sheep and the goats

A

‘I was hungry and you gave me food’
‘I was sick and you took care of me’
‘whatever you did for…these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.’

48
Q

st irenaeus’ teachings about jesus (ans God’s relationship with humans’

A

-in his writings, st Irenaeus showed how Jesus - as someone who is fully God and fully human - is the meeting point between God and humanity
-st irenaeus wrote that jesus ‘revealed God to men

1) God is invisible: he is beyond human sight and understanding

2) but christians can get to know what
God is like through jesus

3) because jesus is the son of God, he displays qualities of God

4) this means christians can develop a better understanding of God’s nature through examining the life and actions of Jesus

49
Q

life in man is the glory of God (st irenaeus)

A

-st Irenaeus wrote that ‘life in man is the glory of God
-this phrase is primarily talking about jesus
-for christians, jesus was the perfect human being
-he always followed God’s wishes and perfectly displayed all the qualities that God wants people to have
-because of this, jesus is ‘fully alive and the ‘glory of God’
-jesus sets the example for all other christians to follow
-by following Jesus’ teachings and becoming open to God, all people can become more ‘fully alive’ to share in God’s glory

50
Q

why is a reason that the incarnation is important (linked to st irenaeus’ writings)

A

-jesus helped humans to come to know God
-this has allowed humans to become more ‘fully alive’ and reveal God’s glory

51
Q

heresies

A

beliefs that go against the teachings of the church

52
Q

heresies about jesus as fully God and fully human

A

-when the focus is too much on Jesus as human, it is possible to end up believing that Jesus wasn’t really God: he was just a very good person

-when the focus is too much on Jesus as God, it is possible to end up believing that jesus only appeared to be human: he was basically God in disguise

53
Q

dei verbum 4 on God being revealed through jesus

A

‘sent his Son … dwell among men…tell them of the innermost being of God’

54
Q

verbum domini 12 on God being fully God and fully human

A

‘the eternal word … became a child, so that the word could be grasped by us’
-the word of God limited himself to a human form, so humans could come to understand God

‘[Jesus] does the will of father at all times … jesus thus shows that he is the divine logos … but at the same, the true man’
-jesus always knew the will of God because he is God and he always carried out the will of God because he is also the perfect human being

55
Q

what is grace?

A

-the free gift of God’s love to all people
-the love that unites the three persons of the trinity
-pours out from the trinity and gives life to all things
-helps people to become aware of what God wants for them
-gives believers the strength to do what God wants
-pours into people’s hearts and calls them to a deeper relationship with God

56
Q

what is a sacrament?

A

a sign of God’s grace

57
Q

the sacramental nature of reality & what played an important role in this view?

A

-this means the whole of reality can be seen as a sacrament
-the world and everything in it is a sign of God’s love
-God’s presence and love can be seen throughout the world
-the incarnation played an important role in helping catholics to view reality as sacramental

58
Q

how is jesus a sign of the sacramental nature of reality?

A

-before the incarnation, God was seen as a distant (though caring) being
-jesus was the ultimate gift from God to show his love for humanity
-since jesus has lived on earth, people can see God as a living and active presence
-even though Jesus is no longer present on earth, his spirit is still active, sharing God’s love with all people
-jesus helped to bring God’s love and presence into the world
-this makes the world sacramental in nature

59
Q

what are the seven sacraments?

A

-seven rites in the catholic church that give grace to a person
-they help to make a person’s life more holy (sanctify it)
-the seven sacraments are: baptism, confirmation, the eucharist, marriage, ordination, reconcillation and the anointing of the sick

60
Q

baptism

A

-when a person becomes a member of the church
-water is poured on the person’s head to symbolise the washing away of sin
-only happens once in a person’s life

the person becomes a child of God

61
Q

confirmation

A

-when a person chooses to confirm they are a member of the church
-their forehead is anointed with holy oil
-only happens once in a person’s life

-the person’s faith is strengthened and deepened
-the power of the HS is renewed in their life

62
Q

eucharist

A

-when a person receives the consecrated bread and wine (the body and blood of christ)
-can happen on a regular basis

-the person receives the life of
christ
-this helps them to keep growing in God’s love

63
Q

marriage

A

-then a man and woman give their consent to be married
-usually only happens once in a person’s life

-the couple accept that, through their love for each other, the love of God is active in their lives

64
Q

ordination

A

-when a person becomes a priest, bishop or deacon
-happens through the laying on of hands and the anointing of the hands with chrism: a symbolic gesture that passes on the power of the HS
-for each position, this can only happen once in a person’s life

-the person commits himself to
God and the church
-he is given certain powers, such as being able to consecrate at Mass, preach and pass on from God the forgiveness of sins

65
Q

reconciliation

A

-when a person confesses their sins to a priest and these are forgiven
-can happen on a regular basis

-the person’s relationship with
God is restored

66
Q

anointing of the sick

A

-when a person who is very ill is anointed with oil
-can happen more than once in a person’s life

-gives strength to the person and also forgives their sins

67
Q

imago dei

A

humans being made in the image of God

68
Q

when do catholics believe that life begins?

A

-supports the catholic belief that human life begins at the moment of conception
-pregnant mary, visits her cousin elizabeth, who is pregnant with john the baptist
-when mary greets elizabeth, elizabeth is ‘filled with the Holy Spirit
-her unborn baby also reacts to the presence of jesus
-the whole person is present from the moment of conception
-after this the foetus grows and develops, but it is always the same person who is growing and developing

69
Q

why do catholics disagree with abortion?

A

-all human life is holy (imago del)
-human life begins at conception
-all human life should be protected, including the unborn

70
Q

to help protect unborn children, catholics might:

A

-support a pro-life organisation that campaigns to reduce the abortion limit or ban abortion completely
-support an organisation that cares for women who have decided not to abort their child, but who are facing emotional or financial problems as a result

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