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World religions > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

Map

A
  1. Jerusalem

2. Egypt

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2
Q

Judaism intro

A

“A tradition with ideas about what it means to be human and how to make the world a holy place”

  • A “covenant relationship” between God and the Hebrews, Israelites, and/or the Jewish people
  • Grounded in History
  • Grounded in Law
  • Grounded in Traditions & Practice
  • 14-15 million in worldwide population
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3
Q

Judaism & “Monotheism”

A 
One	God	
– Omniscient	
– Omnipotent	
– Benevolent	(“ethical	monotheism”)	
– Respected	&	Feared	&	Loved?	
– Creator	
– Escatology
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4
Q

Judaism &

Comparative Monotheism

A

Non Proselytizing – Conversion is not “easy”
• Last ‘”Prophetic” Leaders are those of the Torah
– How those Prophets and their stories are understood
• “Birthright” - Being part of the community
• Matrilineal
– Connected to the Prophets in the Torah

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5
Q

As a faith, Jews Believe…

A

In one God, creator of the universe, personal but non- corporeal

  • In a Sacred History. Related to…
  • In prophets of old – Abraham (the father) Moses(through whom Torah was revealed to the Hebrews)
  • In the Written Torah* (Tanakh) & Oral Torah (Talmud), containing religious, moral and social law which guides the life of a Jew

• *Torah (“teaching”)
– Revealed

– The five books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy)

– “The Sacred Law”

– 613 Mitzvot (the greatest is to study the Torah)

the Hebrew Bible excludes the New Testament

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6
Q

10 Commandments: The Law

A
  1. I the Lord am your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt.
  2. You shall have no other gods besides Me. You shall not make for yourself a sculptured image
    or any likeness of what is in the heavens above, or on the earth below.
  3. You shall not swear falsely by the name of the Lord your God.
  4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy.
  5. Honor your father and your mother.
  6. You shall not commit murder.
  7. You shall not commit adultery.
  8. You shall not steal.
  9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
  10. You shall not covet anything that is your neighbor’s
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7
Q

Religion & Sacred History

A

Religion it must be understood is not faith. Religion is the storyof faith. It is an institutionalized system of symbols and metaphors (read rituals and myths) that provides a common language with which a community of faith can share with each other their…encounter with the Divine Presence. Religion is concerned not with genuine history, but withsacred history, which does not course through time like a river. Rather, sacred history is like a hallowed tree whose roots dig deep into primordial time and whose branches weave in and out of genuine history with little concern for the boundaries of space and time.

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8
Q

The Shofar

A

The Torah –Abraham & Isaac•The Covenant & Circumcision•Translating Torah into History & Practice–Israel & the 1st Temple in Jerusalem (The Holy of Holies) -10thcentury BCE–The Destruction of the 1st Temple (587 BCE) & the 2nd(70 CE)–The Messiah•What it means to be in Exile?–Halacha, the Talmud, & the Rabbis (1/2 of the 613 Mitzvot)–The Synagogue & Prayer–Yom Kippur & Rosh Hashanah

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9
Q

Symbols, Symbolism & History:ConnectingTheTorah to The Present

A

Adam & Eve (5780 or 3761 BCE) –The Calendar•Noah and Dietary Laws Kosher•From Abram to Abraham & the Sacrifice of His Son–The Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (Israel), Joseph & his Brothers (12 Tribes of Israel)•A Covenant with God -Abraham ( 99) & Ishmael –Jewish boys on the 8thday•Moses An exemplar•The Matriarchs–Sarah, Rebecca, Leah & Rachel

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10
Q

Judaism: Roots in the Tanakh

A

Torah (5 Books of Moses)–Genesis–Exodus–Leviticus–Numbers–Deuteronomy•Prophets•Writings•Source of Law /Halacha(Talmud)•Holiness of Language -Hebrew

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11
Q

Kosher/Kashrut

A

“Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s milk”

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12
Q

Kosher/Kashrut

A

The only animals that may be eaten are those that have been
properly slaughtered; no animal that has been killed by another or
that has died a natural death may be consumed.
• 2. The only quadrupeds that may be eaten are those with split
hooves who also chew the cud (like cows or goats), and, once
properly slaughtered, their blood must be drained away.
• 3. No fish may be eaten that does not have both fins and scales.
• 4. No insects may be consumed at all.
• 5. No meat dish may be eaten at the same time as a milk dish.

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13
Q

Prayer

A 
3	times	a	day	
• Defining	Community	(Minyan	&	Abraham)	
• In	Hebrew	
• From	the	Torah	
• The	Siddur		
• Rituals	(Talmud)
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14
Q

Shemah: Deuteronomy 11:13-21

A

Cover you eyes with your right hand and say:
Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One.
• Recite the following verse in an undertone:
• Blessed be the name of the glory of His kingdom forever and ever. You
shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and
with all your might. And these words which I command you today shall be
upon your heart. You shall teach them thoroughly to your children, and
you shall speak of them when you sit in your house and when you walk on
the road, when you lie down and when you rise. You shall bind them as a
sign upon your hand, and they shall be for a reminder between your eyes.
And you shall write them upon the doorposts of your house and upon
your gates.

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15
Q

Mezuzah

A

A mezuzah (Hebrew: מְזוּזָה “doorpost”; plural: מְזוּזוֹת mezuzot) is a piece of parchment called a klaf contained in a decorative case and inscribed with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4-9 and 11:13-21[1]). These verses consist of the Jewish prayer Shema Yisrael, beginning with the phrase: “Hear, O Israel, the Lord (is) our God, the Lord is One”. In mainstream Rabbinic Judaism, a mezuzah is affixed to the doorpost of Jewish homes to fulfill the mitzvah (Biblical commandment) to “write the words of God on the gates and doorposts of your house” (Deuteronomy 6:9). Some interpret Jewish law to require a mezuzah in every doorway in the home[2] except bathrooms (which is not a living space), laundry rooms and closets, if they are too small to qualify as rooms.[3] The klaf parchment is prepared by a qualified scribe (“sofer stam”) who has undergone training, both in studying the relevant religious laws, and in the more practical parts i.e. carving the quill and practising writing. The verses are written in black indelible ink with a special quill pen made either from a feather or, in what are now rare cases, a reed. The parchment is then rolled up and placed inside the case.

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16
Q

Tefillin

A

Tefillin (Askhenazic: /ˈtfɪlɪn/; Israeli Hebrew: [tfiˈlin], תפילין) or phylacteries, are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah. In Rabbinic Judaism, which is the predominant form of Judaism today, tefillin are worn by observant adult Jews during weekday morning prayers. In Orthodox communities, they are only worn by men, while in non-Orthodox communities, they may be worn by men and women.

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17
Q

Celebrating the Year

A 
The	Sabbath/Shabbat	–	Friday	sundown	to	Saturday	dusk	
– Torah	
– Rest	
– Prayer	
– Study	
• Yom	Kippur	&	Rosh	Hashanah	
• The	3	Pilgrimage	Holidays	
– Passover	-	Freedom	
– Sukkot	–	Wandering	&	the	Harvest	
– Shavuot	–	The	Law	
• Hanukah	(167	BCE	rebellion		against	the	Greek-Syrians)
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18
Q

Passover & Symbolism

A

Matza or Unleavened Bread
– “This is the bread of affliction eaten by our ancestors in the land of Egypt. Whoever is
hungry, let him come and eat. Whoever is needy, let him come and join in the
observance of Passover. This year we are here. Next year, may we be in Israel. Now we
are slaves. Next year, may we be free men.”
Marror or Bitter Herbs
– “This maror we eat–what is its reason? Because the Egyptians embittered the lives of
our ancestors in Egypt, as it is stated:41 They made the Jews’ lives bitter with hard
service, with mortar and with bricks, and with all manner of service in the field; their
entire service at which they made them slave vigorously.”
Charoset
– Charoset is one of the symbolic foods that Jews eat during their Passover seder every
year. It represents the mortar that the Israelites used to make bricks while they were

19
Q

As a people, Jews are…

A

A nation in Diaspora (dispersed)

– The Temple in Jerusalem

• Solomon (c. 961-922 BCE) 1st Temple (until - 587
BCE)

  • 2nd Temple (c. 516 BCE – 70 CE) Persian province
  • Some Autonomy (140-63 BCE)

– The Messiah

• United by a common heritage (an “ethnic”
religion?)

– Ashkenazi & Sephardic

20
Q

jews

A

Divided in contemporary practice:

– Orthodox

  • Traditional
  • Hasidic (Ultra Orthodox 18th century) other things, black coat

– Reform (19th century Germany &. 20th century
U.S.)

– Conservative – moderates, response to
reform

– Secular

21
Q

Jews and the Effects of Persecution

A 
European Persecution
– Crusades (1095 under Pope Urban II)
– Spanish Inquisition (1478)
– Pogroms (19th- early 20th century)
• Zionism (1896)
• The Holocaust WWII (Shoah - whirlwind)
• Israel (1948)
22
Q

The siddur

A

A siddur is a Jewish prayer book, containing a set order of daily prayers. The word siddur comes from the Hebrew root ס־ד־ר meaning “order”.

23
Q

In the Written Torah* (Tanakh)

A

Tanakh

24
Q

The five books of moses

A

(Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy)

25
Q

yom kippur

A

FAST
Yom Kippur is “the tenth day of [the] seventh month”[4] (Tishrei) and is regarded as the “Sabbath of Sabbaths”. Rosh Hashanah (referred to in the Torah as Yom Teruah) is the first day of that month according to the Hebrew calendar. On this day forgiveness of sins is also asked of God.

Yom Kippur completes the annual period known in Judaism as the High Holy Days or Yamim Nora’im (“Days of Awe”) that commences with Rosh Hashanah.

26
Q

Rosh hashanah

A

NEW YEAR

Rosh Hashanah (Hebrew: רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה), literally meaning “head [of] the year”, is the Jewish New Year. The biblical name for this holiday is Yom Teruah (יוֹם תְּרוּעָה), literally “day of shouting or blasting”. It is the first of the Jewish High Holy Days (יָמִים נוֹרָאִים Yamim Nora’im. “Days of Awe”) specified by Leviticus 23:23–32 that occur in the early autumn of the Northern Hemisphere.

27
Q

shafar

A

shofar is a ram’s horn that is blown like a trumpet during Rosh Hashanah services, every day except Shabbat during the preceding month of Elul, and at the end of Yom Kippur. The four sounds of the shofar — tekiah, shevarim, teruah, and tekiah gedolah — remind many people of a crying voice. Hearing the shofar’s call is a reminder for us to look inward and repent for the sins of the past year.

28
Q

Halacha

A

practice, law, ritual

29
Q

yamakl

A

to remind you that god is above

30
Q

zionism

A

desire for a jewish state

31
Q

the three pilgrim holidays

A

passover- freedom
suklot- wandering and the harvest
shavout- the law

32
Q

hanukka

A

rebellion against the greeks syrian

33
Q

mayana

A

community

34
Q

For Jews this is one of the holiest days of the year. It is the day when Jews
repent for the sins of the past year (one must first ask forgiveness from
others before asking forgiveness from God). It is also referred to as the Day of
Atonement.

A

Yom kippur

35
Q

This Hebrew word can mean several things: “The Law,” the oral and written
parts of the Jewish sacred text, and often refers only to the five books of
Moses; What is it? T

A

Torah

36
Q 
The	phrase	“do	not	seethe	a	kid	in	its	mother’s	milk”	is	part	of	the	Jewish	
dietary	laws (Kosher/Kashrut) and	understood	to	mean	that	the	following	
two	things	should	not	be	consumed	together.
A

dairy and meat

37
Q

This biblical prophet led the Hebrews out of Egypt.

A

Moses

38
Q

The ram’s horn is blown on the Jewish New Year and symbolizes the sacrifice
of Isaac by Abraham. This horn is called a:

A

Shofar

39
Q

Jews pray 3 times daily. Although it is acceptable to pray alone, prayer in
Judaism is most importantly a communal practice. How many people are
required for a complete prayer (Minyan)

A

10

40
Q

What is the word for the 613 commandments/laws in the Hebrew
Scriptures? (This word has also taken on the meaning “good deed(s):”

A

Either Mitzvah/Mitzvot

41
Q

These people (men historically) wrote the Talmud (Oral law), which frames
Halacha (customs and rituals). They are teachers and religious leaders. They
are called…

A

Rabbis

42
Q

This is one of the most important prayers in Judaism. It begins with the
phrase “Hear O’Israel…” Its full text is the origin for practices like the
mezuzah and tefillin. This prayer is called the…

A

shema

43
Q

There are a good number of secular Jews living today, but for the most part
modern Judaism can be split into three main groups depending upon levels of
observance of Jewish law. Two of these groups are Orthodox Judaism (split
into Traditional and Hasidic) and Reform Judaism. The third group, which
sought to find a “middle” way between Orthodox and Reform Judaism is
called:

A

Conservative

World religions (8 decks)

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