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World religions > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

Hur stor är religionen?

A

tredje största, 1 miljon följare

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2
Q

Main location?

A

South Asia

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3
Q

Definied by?

A

India, 95% population

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4
Q

important places?

A

Taj Mahal , start of the Ganges river

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5
Q

One of the oldest humanitity

A

4000 years

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6
Q

“hinduism”

A

not used until late 1800s

geografical reference or a way of life or a religion

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7
Q

gave birth to other religions

A

Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism

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8
Q

Many deites but a single impersonal reality called

A

Brahman

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9
Q

Monist

A

All reality is one, no difference between the divine and the rest of the family

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10
Q

dualistic

A

God is separate from the individual and so devotion to God is possible

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11
Q

Monotheistic Aspects

A

One God with many representations

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12
Q

Indus river valley civilization

A

5000 years ago

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13
Q

Vedic tradition 3500 – 2600 years ago:

A

rituals and many gods (polytheism) —sacred texts (Vedas) —social stratification (caste system)

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14
Q

Upanishads

A

(metaphysical philosophy) 2900 – 2600 years ago (Vendata or the End of the Veda)

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15
Q

first findings

A

Indus Valley Civilization Proto Shiva Seal

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16
Q

The vedas

A

Meaning – Knowledge or Wisdom —Not of Human Agency but Revealed (sruti – “what is heard”) —Vs. Other Texts (Smrti – “what is remembered” includes the epics such as the Ramayana & Mahabarata)

17
Q

The Vedas & Their Function

A

—For Ritual —Source of Philosophy —Recited /Sung & Sacred —Source of Human Creativity —Contemporary Relevance

18
Q

The Vedic Canon

A

The Vedas (1500 – 600 BCE) —Early Upanishads (900 – 600 BCE) or Vendata—…And then the Mahabarata - Bhagavad Gita (~400 BCE - 100 CE) —Vendanta: Renounced ritualism and re-interpreted the notion of “Veda” in purely philosophical terms.

19
Q

AUM

A

A: This Worldly (Rebirth & Prosperity) Awake/Conscious AU: Intermediate Realm (Human & Brahman) Unconscious AUM: The Highest Self that is Beyond The Highest Life

20
Q

Transition & Continuity: Changing Emphasis From The Vedic to the Upanishadic World View

A

Vedic This World, Spiritual Virtue & Success, Ritual, Community, Vedas

Uspandic Liberation (Moksa) & Karma, Knowledge Community Individual Upanishads or Vendata

21
Q

Brahman

A

Unity of Existence —Indescribable: —Neti, Neti (Not this not That)

22
Q

Brahman: The Before & After

A

Brahman —Beyond Physical Sacrifice —“Great Making Power” —Original: Prior to Existence/NonExistence—Solution to Suffering and Cycle of Rebirth

23
Q

Atman: The Self

A

Identical with the: Ground for All Existence

24
Q

Atman

A

How Does One Express the Self If.. the Self is… Identical with The Ground for All Existence

25
Q

From Atman to Brahman: The Quest

A

Yoga “Yoking or Uniting” – Uniting the self with Brahman —Karma Yoga – Discipline of Ritual action (sacrifice) —Jnana Yoga – Discipline of Wisdom - Upanishads —Bhakti Yoga – Discipline of Devotion —Goal for All is Moksha —Internalization of Ritual —Renunciation

26
Q

Socio-Religious Ideas for Upanishads

A

Samsara & Karma —Present Action Determines Future Life: Morality —

Dharma & Moksha: The Four Purposes —Morality (Dharma), Goods/Wealth (Artha), Enjoyment (Kama) —Moksha: The Aim of All —

Classes/Varnas (Priest, Warrior, Farmers, Servants) —Follow Dharma & Organize Society

—Life Stages —Student —Householder —Forest Dweller —Sannyasa: Renunciation

27
Q

Classes or Castes

A

To Brahmanas (mouth) he assigned studying and teaching, rituals, giving and receiving donations, the Ksatriya (arms) to protect, perform yajna, study, the Vaisyas (legs) are to, farm, trade, lend money, yajna, study, the Shudras (feet) to serve the other three classes.

28
Q

hinduism

A

Cyclical view of life were the ultimate goal is for the self to realize an ultimate connection to the supreme unitary reality rather than this world

29
Q

Essential Teachings of Hinduism

A

God is one and many. The many gods are all manifestations of the supreme Brahman, which is pure consciousness and pervades all things. God is manifest in nature. Realization that the soul or atman is one with God is the basis of enlightenment.

30
Q

Brahma

A

Brahma is the Hindu God of Creation •Brahma is traditionally depicted with four heads and four faces and four arms.

31
Q

Shiva

A

Shiva is the Destroyer •Even though he represents destruction, Shiva is viewed as a positive force •Shiva is the supreme God in Shaivism

32
Q

Vishnu

A

Vishnu is the Preserver, he is most famously identified with his human and animal incarnations (AKA, avatars)•He manifested Himself as a living being in ten avatars. •They are (in order of avatar) •(Fish) •(Turtle) •(Pig/Boar) •(Lion man / from the torso upwards lion, below, human) •(First fully human form as a dwarf sage who has the ability to grow very, very tall) •(Fierce man / Hunter) •(Greatest Warrior/ Ideal man) •(Mentally advanced man) •(Sage who is completely still) •(Prophesied, yet to take place) •For Vaishnavas, he is the Ultimate Reality or God. The Brahman.

33
Q

Theistic Hinduism

A

Main Hindu Sects: Vaishnava: Worship of Vishnu Shaiva: Worship of Shiva Shakta: Worship of the Goddess (Shakti/Devi) - Female “counterpart” to Brahman ©

34
Q

And we too are manifest forms of God!

A

We are not human beings having spiritual experiences; We are spiritual beings having a human experience!”

35
Q

God as an Image

A

A Manifestation •An Embodiment •A Symbol •The Cow as Sacred & Monotheistic Views of Hinduism as Pagan (Mere Idol Worship)

36
Q

Karma

A

law of cause and effect . Karma, a force that determines the quality of each life, depending on how well one behaved in a past life.

37
Q

Samsara

A

endless cycle of birth, death and rebirth, reincarnation

38
Q

Moksha

A

liberation from samsara through realization that God is all things Moksha is when a soul finally escapes the karmic cycle, it becomes one with Brahman when the last bodily incarnation dies.

39
Q

Renunciation

A

giving up attachment purifies oneself and helps one realize the true relationship between the soul and God

Reincarnation is the belief that the soul repeatedly goes through a cycle of being born into a body, dying, and being reborn again in a new body.

World religions (8 decks)

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