JPP14 HR Interview Flashcards

Question

What is the DSA

Answer 1

digital service act, proposed 2020 pioneer in digtial policy aim: updating regulatory framework for digital services in EU, make transparent, seeks to address whole range of issues --> online platforms, content moderation, user rights, responsibilites of digital service providers make safer + more transparent digital environemnt how t handle illegal content protect user rights transparencz and accoundability about content moderation + how algorithems function

Answer 2

General Data Protection Regulation strengthen control of indivuals over personal data companies require to obtain explicit consent for data processing

Answer 3

economic temporary recovery plan: 750bn EUR post-covid recovers response to economic and social consequences focus: digitalisatoin green transition reskilling of workforce to ensure a more resilient and sustainable economy

Answer 4

fund: ensure a fiar and inlcusive labour market and social protection systems skills education systems fit for the futue

Answer 5

3 pillars 1. crisis preaprdness and response 2. pharmaceutical strategy 3. EUrope's beating cancer plan

Answer 6

set of 20 principles and rights designed to guide the development of social and labour policies in the EU goal: fair, socialm inclusive society with equal opportunities and acess to social protection aims: 1. equal opportunites + access to labour market 2. fair working conditions 3. social portection and inclusion Eu does not have competenvies to national social policy making therefore not legally binding or in the Treaty but a political declaration

Answer 7

EU circular Economy Action Plan launched in 2015, updated in 2020 away from linear economy model focus: sustainable resource use, waste prevention, recycling, promote more ciruclar business models sectors: plastics, constructions, electronics, food waste, textiles

Answer 8

build first AI factories --> bild 1.5 bn EUR, combining national and EU funding 50% from EU Digital Europe programme for AI infrastrcutre, Horizion Europe for AIF services --> new AI-optimised supercomputers deployment 2025-26 goal: Ai-start ups to innovate and scale up comibnr: compting power, data, talent key sectors: health and life sciecne, manufacturing, climate and environment, automotive and autonomous systems, cybersecurity, agri-tech and agrifood, education, arts and culture, green economy, space

Answer 9

1bn EUR bost in R&D EDF 2021-27:7.3bn EUR 5th annual Work Programme for European Defence Fund (EDF)

Answer 10

basis: Draghi report 3 pillars 1. closing innovation gap --> new tech, start-up, AI --AI-Gigafactories, "Apply AI" initative --> dedicated EU start-ups and scale-up strategy 2. joint roadmap for decarbonisation and competitveness --> upcoming Clean Industrial Deal --> with competitivness driven approach --> aim: EU attractive location for manufacturing and promote clean tech and circular economy business model; Affordable Energy Action PLan to bring down own energy prices and costs; industrial Decarbonisation accelerator Act will extent acellerated permitting to sectors in transition 3. reducing excessive dependencies and increasing security --> diversify and strengthen European supply chains --> new range of Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships to secure supply of CRM, clean energy, sustainable transport fuels and clean tech from across the world, review public procurement rules 5 enablers: 1. simplify regulatory and adminstrative processes 2. new single market strategy 3. European savings and investment union 4. union of skills w/ focus on investment, adult and life long learning, future-proof skills creation, skill retention 5. Competitiveness coordination tool to ensure implementation at EU and national levels and shared EU objectives R&D private investments: 1. USA 42.3% 2. EU 18.7% China 17.1%

Answer 11

article 3, Lisbon Treaty promote peace, its values, well-being of citizens offer freedom, security, justice without internal bordres extrenal poarders: regulate asylum and migration, combat crime estbalish internal market achieve SD --> based on economic growth and price stability --> hihgly competitive market economy with full employment and social progress rptoect and imporve quality of environment promote sicentific and technological progress cobact social exclusion and discripimintation promote social justice and protection, equality btw men and women, protection of the rights of children enahnce ecnomic, soical, territorila cohesion and solidarity among EU countries respect its rich culutre and linguistic diversity establish economic and monetary union , with EU currency

Answer 12

Human Dignity Freedom Democracy Equality Rule of law Human Rights

Answer 13

Eu engagement in fragile contexts and countries --> address root causes of migration and fragility, support basic needs and livelihoods of populations --> Pact on Migration and Asylum support SDs --> strengthen mulilatral engagement with global instistutions --> UN, G7, G20, IFIs Glboal Partnerships for Education 2021-27 --> 700 mil eur global health, education, equality 427mil EUR Pandemic Fund 300 mil Eur Vaccine Alliance (for poorest countries) 2023 Samoa Agreement --> African Caribbean, Pacific States

Answer 14

55 Articles; TEU 1992 - Maastricht Treaty External Action Common Foreign Security Policy/Common Security and Defense Policy (CFSP/CSDP)

Answer 15

2007: Lisbon Treaty policies and legal instruments EMU - Economic and Monetary Union, EU citizenship legislative procedures (ordinary legislative procedure) budget institutions (detailed) --> 358 articles

Answer 16

legally binding value of legally binding law

Answer 17

they are not a real EU constitution but they are EU primary law

Answer 18

2986: completion of the internal market

Answer 19

only the EC (quasi monopoly)

Answer 20

qualified majority

Answer 21

co-legislator or at least consulted

Answer 22

EU Member States

Answer 23

The European Commission and the Court of Justice ensure that the Treatie are respected and applied, as well as their interpretation

Answer 24

The College of Commissioners adopts a decision

Answer 25

Committee of Permanent Representatives

Answer 26

1951/52 Treaty of Paris 1957/58 Treaties of Rome --> establishment of European Economic Community (EEC) and Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) --> economic growth 1965/67 The merger Treaty/Treaty of Brussels --> unified ECCSC, EEC, EURATOM --> creation of Council of European Communities 1986/87 Singe European Market Act --> First revision of Treaties ofRome; estalishement of Single Market by 1992 --> can live, work, travel in the zone, free moments of goods and sercies --> 1992/93 complemtented by 4 freedoms: goods, services, people, capital --> 1995 establishment of Schengen Zone 1992/93 The Treaty of Maastricht/Treaty of the European UNion --> foundation treaty of the EU --> shared EU citizenship, common foreign and security policy, eventual introduction of single currency 1997/99 Treaty of Amsterdam --> absorbed Schengen Convetion into EU law; more power to EP; Common foreign and security plicy (CFSP) 2001/2003 Treaty of Nice --> amended Maastricht Treaty and Treaty of Rome; reformed institutional structure to withstand eastward extension 2007/09 Treaty of LIsbon --> move from unaminity to qualified majority voting in 45 policy areas in the Council of EU; more power to EP

Answer 27

founded 1951 France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands --> trade together --> not able to create defense community or political community, even though tried

Answer 28

1951: France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands 1968: Denmark, Ireland, UK 1981: Greece 1986: Spain, Portugal 1995: Austria, Finland, Sweden 2004: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia 2007: Bulgaria, Romania 2013: Croatia 2020: Brexit

Answer 29

1999 agreement, start cash: 2002

Answer 30

economic ciris --> COVID-19 recovery, high energy prices terrorism migration crisis climate change populism disinformation war on European ground

Answer 31

55% of MS in Council of EU 65% of EU population

Answer 32

they have a specialised role in helping the EU to fulfil its tasks European External Action Service (EEAS) European Economic and Social Committee European Committee of the Regions European Investment Bank European Ombudsman European Data Protection Supervisor European Data Protection Board European Public Prosecutor's Office

Answer 33

EPOS; Publication Office; European School Administration; Computer Emergency Response Team

Answer 34

European Parliamnet European Council --> 27 heads of state/government, president: 2.5 year; define general direction of the EU Council of the EU --> represents governments of the EU --> national ministers meet to adopt laws, coordinate policies; configuration of meetings is topic-based; together with EP: decision on EU laws European Commission --> executive body

Answer 35

Court of Justice of the EU European Central Bank European Court of Auditors

Answer 36

every 5 years, new European Parliamnet and College of commissioners

Answer 37

448 million, 5.6% of world population about 41 million citizens are foreign citizens 14% from other EU MS nationality than they reside in Germany: largest EU populiation France: largest EU country in terms of area Malta: smallest EU MS (inhabitans + area) 39% of inhabitants live in cities 36% in suburbs, towns 25% in rural areas

Answer 38

since 1985: people can move without border checks "free movement principle" --> work, travel, live in any EU country without specialised formalities all MS, excpet for Cyprus, are part of Schengen 4 non-EU countries are also part of Schengen: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein

Answer 39

awareness campaign on specific issue to encourage debate and dialogue in and between EU countries --> inform and change attitudes have been running since 1983: for more than 40 years many European Years offer extra funding to local, national, cross-border projects, addressing the specific topic some cases: EC proposes new legislation on the theme 2023-24: European Year of Skills --> right skills for quality jobs, address skill shortage 2022 - European Year of Youth --> learning and civic engagement opportunities, discover other cultures, improve employment prospects 2021- European Year of Rail --> promote rail as sustainable, innovative and safe mode of transport --> benefits for people, economy, climate 2018 - European Year of Cultural Heritage --> protection and guarantee its sustainability for the future 2015 - European Year of Development --> EU development cooperation, getting involved 2013-14: European Year of Citizens --> citizen's dialogues, get public involved to build a stronger and more political Europe 2012 - European Year of Active Aging 2011 - European Year of Volunteering 2010: European Year of Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion

Answer 40

trios: 18 months, 3 grouped presidencies, started in 2007 2016-17: Netherlands, Slovakia, Malta 2017-18: Estonia, Bulgaria, Austria 2019-20: Romania, Finland, Croatia 2020-21: Germany, Portugal, Slovenia 2022-23: France, Czech Republic, Sweden 2023-24: Spain, Belgium, Hungary 2025-26: Poland, Denmark, Cyprus 2026-27: Ireland, Lithuania, Greece

Answer 41

Germany, Portugal, Slovenia 1. fair and social Europe while promoting Europe's values and interests around the world 2. transparent and European-wide digital transformation; protect against disinformation 3. comprehensive, permanent, crisis proof solutions for migration 4. strengthening industrial competitiveness; ensure stable investment environment for SMEs 5. innovative, sustainable and smar economic transformation; strengthen competitiveness 6. promote European values on international level

Answer 42

France, Czech Republic, Sweden 1. Protecting citizens and freedoms --> respect and protection of EU's common values: democracy, rule of law, fundamental rigths; Migration, Schengen, police and judicial cooperation; Crisis management and civil protection 2. Developing our economic base: the European Model for the Future --> ensuring an effective recovery for green and sustainable growth; strengthening the single market and developing an assertive, comprehensive and coordinated industrial policy to foster growth and innovation; accompanying the digital transformation and reaping its full benefits; deepening of the Economic and Monetary Union, and financial serivices, company law and corporate governance issues; increasing EU autonomy and competitiveness in the space sector; supporting research, education and our youth; supporting the development of regions,; strengthening consumer protection; bringing culture to the fore; strengthen and promote tourism in the EU 3. Building a climate-neutral, green, fair and social Europe --> building a climate-neutral and green Europe; building a fair and social Europe; building a Europe that protects health; 4. Promoting Europe's interests and values in the world --> defending and promoting multilatrealism and responding to major challenges and international crises; Trade; Relations with partners: the EU's neighbourhood, Africa, Americas, Asia-Pacific; Connectivity; development and humanitarian aid; security and defense;

Answer 43

Spain, Belgium, Hungary 1. reinforcing the EU’s global competitiveness by strengthening its industrial base in line with the accelerated twin green and digital transitions and making use of innovation; 2. ensuring the twin transitions are fair, just and inclusive by enhancing the social dimension of Europe, including by addressing the demographic challenge the EU is facing; 3. strengthening international partnerships, multilateral cooperation, and security in all its dimensions, as well as building up an ambitious and balanced trade policy, whilst at the same time defending EU interests more assertively, based on our values, and strengthening the EU’s capability to act in the field of security and defence. he Digital Services Act. The trio will work to strengthen the rights and protection of consumers, encouraging changes in consumption habits towards patterns that are more sustainable for the planet. The trio will undertake a reflection process on the future of a sectoral EU framework for e-commerce that complements the recent Digital Services Act. Research and Innovation. The trio will prioritise EU research and innovation cooperation with a view to addressing key challenges for the EU with the help of research and innovation. Digital Inclusiveness. The trio will take work forward on the digital transformation while making sure to leave no one behind (digital inclusiveness) and ensuring the trustworthiness of and a human rights-based approach to artificial intelligence and new technologies. Connectivity. The trio will take work forward on a digital euro and access to financial data, and make progress on delivering on the 2030 Digital Decade targets, including fostering gigabit connectivity and the implementation of 5G and 6G. Lifelong learning, Re-skilling and Up-skilling. The trio will make provision for strengthening lifelong learning opportunities, making education and training – including digital education and training – inclusive and accessible to all. Particular attention will be paid to re-skilling and up-skilling opportunities for European citizens to prepare them to cope with future transformations in society, the economy and the labour market. The trio will continue to further develop digital education and training. Fair Labour Mobility in the EU. Special attention will be paid to exploring ways to address the demographic challenge the EU is facing. The trio will focus on strengthening fair labour mobility in the Union, access to social protection and to the protection of workers, and on ensuring health and safety, inclusiveness and non-discrimination at work. Inclusion, Mental Health at Work. The trio will pay particular attention to stress and burn-out at work, in line with the new Commission initiative on mental health. The trio will support inclusion, in particular by facilitating the integration of those categories that are most vulnerable or at risk of exclusion.

Answer 44

1. strong and secure Europe --> coherent and influential external action, strategic action on security and defence, comprehensive appraoch to migration and border protection, well-prepared enlargement and internal reforms 2.prosperous and competitve Europe --> an integrated approach to competitiveness, succeedin in the green and digital twin transition, promoting an innovation and business friendly environment, advancing together 3. free and democratic Europe --> upholding European Values within the EU, rule of law, HR

Answer 45

The EU may only act within the competences conferred upon it by the MS in the Treaties --> the EU does not have full competencies; Treaties: TEU, TFEU

Answer 46

EU may only act if the objective cannot be reached sufficiently at a nantional (or subnational) level --> applies to shared competences and supporting competences

Answer 47

EU action is only allowed as much as is needed to achieve the objective, not more this applies to all actions!

Answer 48

Customs Union Competitions Rule of the Internal Market Montery Policy of the Eurozone Marine Bilogical Resources under the Common Fisheries Policy Common Commerical Policy Conclusion of INternational Agreement

Answer 49

Internal Market Social Policy Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion Agriculture and Fisheries Environment Consumer Protection Transport Trans-European Networks Energy Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Public Health

Answer 50

Industry Culture Tourism Education, Youth, Sport and Vocational Training Civil Protection (disaster protection) Administrative Cooperation

Answer 51

Art. 3 TFEU; Union has exclusive competences to adopt legally binding acts

Answer 52

Art. 4TFEU; MS can only act if EU has not done so already

Answer 53

Art. 5+6 of TFEU; exclusive competences of the MS; EU can carry support and supplementary role

Answer 54

TFEU Art. 11: "environmental protection requirements must be integrated into the definition and implementation of the EU's policies and activites," esepcially when promoting sustainable development 2017: European Consensus on Development: highlights need to incorporate green solutions in development different varibales that need to remain within certain boundries: biodiversity, freshwater, biogeochemical flows, land-use, climate population, esp. middle class, grows --> rising (product) needs; increased pressure on natural resources

Answer 55

ambitous, timely, comprehensive and cross-cutting growth strategy key ambition: climate neutrality by 2050, leaving no one behind Goals: climate pact and climate law investing in smarter, more sustainable transport striving for greener industry eliminating pollution ensuring a just transition for all financing green projects making homes energy efficient leading green change globally from farm to fork protecting nature promote clean energy ! Green deal is not only climate policy, but also economic policy! impacts sectors such as energy, agriuclture, health, education, etc. VDL: "Green Deal is our new growth strategy" EU programmes: Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA+) Switch to Green Biodiversity for Life (B4Life) EU FLEG + Geographical programmes --> adress global and regional climate change issues areas tackles: agriculture and food secuirty private sector development water and sanitation energy fit for 55: by 2030: reduce emisisons by 55% 2021-2027: dedicate at least 25% of budget to climate-related action mobilising tools: regulations and standards policies investment taxation research diplomacy exapmles of policies: Farm to Fork Biodiversity Strategy 2030 Circular Economy Action Plan Towards a comprehensive strategy with Africa European Cliamte Law (2050 climate-neutrality)

Answer 56

3 pillars: 1. UNFCCC (1994) - UN Framework Convention on Climate change 2. Koyoto Protocol (1997) 3. Paris Agreement - biggest multialteral cliamte agreement --> 3 key objecitves: 1. Mitigation targets 2. adaptation goal 3. Finance --> important: there are no binding targets; global objective is mendatory but the means to do so are left up to the countries 4 main topics: 1. mitigation ---> reduce greenhouse gas emmsions 2. adaptation goals --> 5 year progress cycles 3. support --> financial, technology transfer, capacity building 4. transparency and compliance --> reporting (SIDS; LDCS are given more flexibility as less capacity to develop and report) COP = Conferences of PArites = governing body of UNFCCC CMP= Conference of Parties that signed Koyoto Protocol NDCs = Nationally-Determined Contributions

Answer 57

France, Germany, Italy, UK, USA, Canada, Japan --> 7 largest developed economices --> dominate global trade and international financial systems Russia joined in 1998 but excluded in 2914 the EU attends the annual summits emerged in 1970s (first 1975) --> informal gathering of finance ministers of USA, France, West-Germany, UK --> energy crisis: to better coordinate Japan, Canada and Italy were brought in influece of G7 gets weakened as other countries develop further and power relations change focus: global economic, political and social issues, coordinating policies rotating presidency among members G7 presidency 2025: Canada --> common priorities, such as building economies that benefit everyone, fighting climate change and managing rapidly evolving technologies; support projects that research how artificial intelligence can be used without breaching human rights and democratic values, and said last week he will champion "peace and freedom for Ukraine.

Answer 58

Germany, Italy, France, EU (EC + ECB), UK, USA, Canda, Russia, Brazil, India, Japan, South Korea, China, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey, Australia, Argentina, Mexico, Suadia Arabia Spain is a permanent guest G20 is a strategic multilateral platform connecting the world's major developed and emerging economies --> goal: secure future global growth and prosperity represent: >80% of world GDP; >75% of international trade; >60% of world population informal governance clubs annual summits of heads of state to discuss topics of global importance has guest countries interantional and regional organisations join e.g. UN, African UNion, WOrld BAnk, ASEAN (Association of Sotuh East and Asian countries) rotating presidency among members --> troika rotation --> in 3 (past-current-future) no permenant Secretariat agenda and work coordination completed by G20 leaders representation = SHERPA + finance ministers + cetnral bank governors topics: global and economic financial stability, SD, international cooperation on issues: climate change, energy, trade sustainability of sovereign debt global financial stability global ecnomic growth and international trade regulation of financial markets --> G20 role changed from economic crisis manager to facilitator for structural change on global and domestic level 2025 presidency: South Africa Theme: Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability priorities: 1. take action to ensure debt sustainability for low-income countries 2. take action to strengthen disaster resilience and response 3. mobilise finance for a just energy transition 4. work together to harness cirtical minierals for inclusive gorwth and sustainable development 3 task forces: 1. inclusive economic growth, industrialisation, employment and reduced inequality 2. food secuirty 3. AI, data governance, innovation for sustainable development

Answer 59

founded 1945 --> China, France, SU, UK, USA --> 50 more joined that year wolrd's largest intergovernmental organisation now: 193 sovereign states

Answer 60

formed in 1963, continential union, 55 mebmers replaced OAU AU's secretariat in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)

Answer 61

international financial institutions --> provides loans and grants to governments of low and middle income countries for purpose of pursuing capital projects establisehd 1944 --> Bretton Woods Conference 189 member countries

Answer 62

Association of South East Asian Nations established 1967 --> reaction to Vietnam war against China and SU seat: Jakarta (Indonesia) original goal: economic, political and social cooperation now: more economic zone --> EU as model

Answer 63

overarching framework for EU relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific COuntries new legal framework for EU relations with 79 countries --> 48 African, 16 Caribbean, 15 Pacific --> ACAP countries cover 2 bn people 6 priority areas: 1. democracy and governance, HR 2. peace and security 3. human and social development 4. inclsuive, sustainable economic growth and development 5. environmental sustainability and climate change 5. migration and mobility includes: common foundation at ACP level combined with 3 regional protocols replaces Cotonou agreement (2000-2020) main goal: eradication of poverty, integrate ACP countries into world economy

Answer 64

14 Sept 2023 1. addressing the energy crisis --> caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, inclduing REPowerEU plan --> reduce dependencies on Russian fossil fuels, diversify energy supplies, accelerate transition to renewable energy 2. strengthening European defense --> need more robust European defense --> creation of a European Defence UNion --> joint investments in defense capabilities, increased cooperation, common defense and industry strategy 3. promoting digital sovereignty and technical innovation --> Chips Act to boost semi-conductor production; Data Act to ensure better access to and control over data 4. fighting climate change --> committment to Green Deal --> reduce emissions, invest in renewable energy, promote sustainable agriculture and sustainable transport; need for Just Transition Fund to support workers and regions affected by the transition 5. strengthening social Europe --> new European Care Strategy to support carers and improve access to care services; Child Guarantee to ensure access to essentail services for children in need 6. building a stronger Europe in the world --> commitment to multialteralism, peace, democracy; plans for new European Peace Facility to support conflict prevention and peacebuilding efforts; stronger partnerships with Africa 7. promote European democracy --> stronger and more transparent democracy focus: transparency, accountability and citizen egnagement proposed Conference on the Future of Europe --> involve citizens in shaping the EU's priorities and policies

Answer 65

1. Economic Recovery --> post-Covid-19 --> unemployment, struggling businesses; ensure sustainable growth 2. Climate change and environmental stustainability --> transition to low-carbon economy; investment in renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, green technology 3. digital transformation --> data privacy, rapid digital innovation, cyber security, digital infrastrucutre, regulation of AI and emerging technologies 4. migration and asylum --> managing migrant flows and addressing the humanitarian and political implications; context: geopolitical instability 5. demographic shifts and aging population --> aging populiation, declining brith rates, challenges for healthcare system, pensions, labour force participation, social welfare systems 6. geopolitical relations --> navigating relationships with major global powers, including USA, China, Russia, while addressing regional security concersn, conflicts, instability in neighbouring rgions such as Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe 7. Social Cohesion and Inequality --> address social inequalities, promote social inclusion, ensure equal opportunities for all, address disparities btw MS 8. governance and institutional reform --> address issues related to democratic governance, rule of law, transparency, effectivenss of EU institutions --> continue to evolve and adapt to changing geopolitical and internal dynamics --> require coordination efforts, policy innovation, strategic decision-making at EU and MS level to ensure prosperity, stability, resilience of the EU

Answer 66

1. Agenda Setting identifiying and prioritising issues that require EU intervention --> may involve various stakeholders --> MS, EU institutions, CSOs, experts 2. Policy Formulation EU, esp. EC; develop policy proposals based on research, consultation, impact assessments; may involve drafting legisaltive proposals, guidelines, other policy instruments 3. Decision-Making negotiation and decision-making on policy proposals among EU institutions --> EP and Council of EU --> involves amendments, compromises, votes to finalise policy 4. implementation policy is implemented by MS + relevant stakeholders; involves allocation of resources, setting up administrative structures, monitoring progress 5. evaluation evaluates policies to assess their impact, effectiveness, efficiency; collecting data, conducting studies, soliciting feedback from stakeholders 6. Revision based on evaluation, EU may decide to amend, revise, repeal existing policies to address shortcomings/changing circumstances --> throughout policy cyle: EU seeks to ensure transparency, accountability, stakeholder participation --> involves public consultations, impact assessments, regular reporting on progress of policy implementation --> policy cycle is designed to be interactive and adaptive --> allowing continuous improvement and adjustment of policies as needed

Answer 67

EC: initiating and developing policy proposals, conducting impact assessments, drafting legislative acts; oversees implementation of EU policies and monitors their effectiveness EP: directly elected by EU citizens and is involved in decision-making stage of the policy cycle; reviews, amends and votes on legislative proposals, in collaboration with Council of the EU Council of the EU: represents member states and shares legisaltive and budgetary autohrity with the EP; negotiates and adopts legisaltive proposals with the EP European COunci: provides strategic guidance and sets overall political direction of the EU; no formal legislative role sets agenda for EU priorities, addresses major issues that require collective action by MS EEAS: implemtns EU's foreign and security policy; coordinates EU's external actions

Answer 68

ensures consistent interpretation and application of EU law; authority to review the legality of EU actions and setlle disputes btw EU institutions and MS

Answer 69

The EU is based on the rule of law --> every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties ´´_ have been approved voluntarily and democratically by all EU MS --> if policy area is not cited in a treaty, the EC cannot propose a law in that area Treaty = binding agreement between EU MS sets out EU objectives, rules of EU institutions, how decisions are made and the relationship btw EU and its MS Treaties are amended to make EU more efficient and transparent, prepare for new MS and to introduce new areas of cooperation (e.g. single currency) under the treaties, EU institutions can adopt legislation, which MS then implement

Answer 70

signed: 13 Dec 2007 entered into force: 1 Dec 2009 purpose: make EU more democratic, more efficient and better able to address global problems, such as climate change, in one voice Main changes: more power for the EP, change of voting proecudres in Council, citizens' initative, permanent presnident of the European Council, new High Representative for Freign Affair (GRVP), new EU diplomatic service (EEAS) the Lisbon treaty clarifies which powers: belong to the EU belong to EU MS are shared the goals and values of the EU are laid out in the Lisbon Treaty and the EU Charter of fundamental rights The treaty establised a constitution for Europe (2004) with aims similar to the Lisbon Treaty, was signed but never ratified - "Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe"

Answer 71

way for active participation in EU policy making take action on a particular issue: launch citizens' initative calling on the EC to porpose new EU legislation need to get 1 million citizens across the EU to sign it in support before launch: needs to set up a group of organisers --> made up of at least 7 EU citizens living in at least 7 different EU countires (do not need to be nationals of 7 different countries but they must be old enough to vote in EP elections in their country) must submit a registration request to teh EC --> the EC will verify a number of legal criteria, in particular that your proposal falls within an area where it has the power to act once registered, set the start date for collecting statements of support from citizens across the EU initative must meet certain conditions: at least 1 million valid sigantures colelcted signatories from at least 7 EU countries (including a minimum number of signatures from each) if considered: within 1 month: EU officals will meet you wtihin 3 months: you will have a public hearing at the EP to explain your initative within 6 months. the EC will isue a fomral reply, explain why it will or will not propose a new law based on your roposal