GGintpajpp Flashcards
What are the key points of the European Council’s Strategic Agenda 2024-2029?
- A free and democratic Europe
- A strong and secure Europe
- A prosperous and competitive Europe
- protect EU founding values, promote and safeguard rule of law, strengthen democratic resilience + support international legal order (UN Charter, SDGs, 2030 Agenda)
- become strategic global player in multipolar geopolitical world; promote security, stability, peace and prosperty; mutually benefial, strategic partnerships
+ strengthen defence,contribute more to NATO, fight crime (drugs, online)
+ prepare for bigger + stronger Union –> enlargement as a geostrategic investment in peace, security, stability, prosperity
+ comprehensive approach to migration and border management, legal pathways, mutually benefial cooperation with countires of origin and transit - long-term competitiveness, improve citizens’ economic and social wellbeing, deepen the Single Market, esp. in areas of finance, energy and telecom, remove barriers (goal: Capital Markets Union), strengthen economic security
+ successful twin green and digital transition
–> harness potential of the transition
fair + just cliamte transition, staying globally competitive, increase energy sovereignty
build an energy union, focus on net-zero and net-carbon solutions, circular and resource-efficient economy, develop clean tech
+ promote innovation and business-friendly environment –> reduce bureaucratic and regulatory burden at all levels
What were the founding principles of the EU?
securing peace in Europe
building on cooperation
solidarity
common economic prosperity
What are key challenges in today’s political landscape?
strategic competition
growing global instability
attempts to undermine the rules-based international order
e.g. Russian aggression on Ukraine, Middle East, climate crisis (biodiversity loss, pollution, etc.), pandemics
Trump’s own attacks on the rule based orders via his imperialist intentions and possibly illegal abolition of USAID.
What are current priorties of the EU?
strengthen our competitiveness
become the first climate-neutral continent (by 2050)
leaving no one behind
tackle challenges of migration
EU security and defence
championing international law and institutions
fair global governance
inclusive multilateralism
sustainable growth and development
strong and competitive social market
bost economic growth
world leader in green and digtial industries and technologies
What are the founding values of the EU?
respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law, respect of human rights (including rights of minorities)
What are the political priorities of VDL2 2024-2029 according to the Political Guidlines of the European Commission?
- A new plan for Europe’s sustainable propserity and competitiveness
- A new era for European Defence and Security
- Supporting people, strengthening our societies and our social model
- Sustaining our quality of life: food security, water, and nature
- Protecting our democracy, upholding our values
- A global Europe: leveraging our power and partnerships
- Delivering together and preparing our Union for the future
What are the key elements of the following priority: 1. A new plan for Europe’s sustainable propserity and competitiveness
the European Prosperity Plan:
make business easier (cut red tape, reduce administrative burden: -25% + -35% reporting obligations for SMEs) and deepen/complete our Single Market
build Clean Industrial Deal –> decarbonise, bring down energy prices
focus on research and innovation
focus on boosting productivity through digital transition
invest massively in sustainable competitiveness
tackle skills and labour gap –> STEM education strategic plan
key: competitiveness of SMEs
Competitiveness Compass –> deregulation + decarbonisation
focus on implementing the existing legal framework for 2030 –> Green Deal!
development of Energy Union –> clean + green, bring down energy prices, reduce dependencies
more circular and resilient economy –> Circular Economy Act
make economy more resilient + less dependent
complete European health union
AI Act, focus: supercomputing
DSA, DMA –> digital laws
2024-2027: EUR 4bn in AI research and deploymnet, AI factories initative+ European AI Research Council, European Data Union Strategy
boosting porductivity with digital tech diffusion
“This will be an investement Commission”
What are the key elements of the following priority: 2. A new era for European Defence and Security
“best investement in European security is investing in the security of Ukraine”
increase investments in defence, military capabilites –> Single MArket for Defence product & services
build true European defence Union –> new: Cssr for defence
strenghten EU-NATO cooperation
VDL + Cssr defense”spend more, spend better, spend together”
prioritise crisis and security preparedness –> war, cyber attacks, chemical, bio weapons, health threats; key: improve internal security
fight crime –> drug + human trafficking, terrorism –> better EU police, critical communication system
stronger common borders –> digitial + fully functioning , Frontext: tripled, 30 000 coast guards
fully functioning Schengen
implement Pact on Migration and Asylum (5 years); 10% og INTPA budget earmarked for migration and forced displacement-related actions (2021-27) –> currently over 190 actions, 5.3bn EUR, sub-saharan Africa, North Africa, Asia-Pacific
focus: Mediterraneaun –> smugglers, peace, security, prospertiy –> DG MENA
What are the key elements of the following priority: 3. Supporting people, strengthening our societies and our social model
strengthen our social market model
social faireness in the modern economy –> European Pillar of Social Rights to become reality across the EU –> to reach 2030 action targets
just transition for all –> regions –> leaving no one behind
Eu-Anti-Poverty Strategy, European Affordable HousingPLan,
Social Climate Fund: investment in affordable and sustainable housing
strengthen cohesion and growth policies –> countries and regions
engage with young people –> strengthen Erasmus+, Youth Policy Dialogues; focus: mental health crisis
Union of euqality–> Cssr for Equality
focus: women –> Gender Equality Strategy for post-2025, focus: women at hte work place (board), tackle gender-based violence, empower women in politics + labour market
–> Roadmap for Women’s rights
What are the key elements of the following priority: 4. Sustaining our quality of life: food security, water, and nature
Europe: 9 mil farmers, 17 mil jobs
affected by climate change, unfair global competition, higher energy prices, lack of young farmers
ensure farming remains a core part of European way of life + boost sustainability + competitiveness of blue economy
need: fair and sufficient income, improve CAP
reward farmers working with nature (biodiversity, decarbonise, protect ecosystem), goal: net-zero by 2050
support competitiveness of food value chain
goal: EU food sovereignty
protect Oceans –> European Oceans Pact
climate adaptation, preparedness, solidarity
–> resilience, European Climate Adaptation Plan
European Water Resilience Strategy
What are the key elements of the following priority: 5. Protecting our democracy, upholding our values
prosperity, competitiveness, well functioning single market –> united by democracy, rule of law, respect of fundamental freedoms
democratic systems and institutions are under attack –> esp. cyber attacks, disinformation, deepfakes –> protect and defend democracy
need: societal resilience and preparedness whilst promoting free speech –> DSA, DMA, AI Act
strengthen rule of law –> conduct Rule of Law Report; European Media freedom Act
champion civic engagement and participation
focus: citizen participation across the EU –> every year: European Citizens’ Panel for a chosen policy area
What are the key elements of the following priority: 6. A global Europe: leveraging our power and partnerships
be more assertive in pursuing strategic interest
attack: EU, our values, rules-based international order –> age of geostrategic rivalries, shift from cooperation to competition
enlargement as a geopolitical imperative –> greater geopolitical weight + influence, reduce dependencies, enhance resilience + competitiveness
of course: need comply with EU criteria
more strategic approach to neighbourhood –> Mediterranean –> new Pact for the Mediterranean, new EU-Middle East Strategy
new economic foreign policy
–> geopolitics + geoeconomics are linked!
focus:
1. economic security
2. trade
3. investement in partnerships
Global Gateway: infrastructure investment –> trade, macro-economic support
mutually benefitial partnerships
–> through Team Europe: EU institutions, MS, finance institutions, EIB, EBRD, export credit agencies, private sector
foucs: transport corridors, ports, renewable energy generation, green hydrogen production, critical raw material value chains
reshape multilateralism for today’s world –> play leading role in reforming international system + UN
What are the key elements of the following priority: 7. Delivering together and preparing our Union for the future
ambitous programme of modernisation
new budget fit for ambitions: more focused (policy-based budget, not porgramme based), simpler (promote social, economic and territorial cohesion), more impactful
–> modern + reinforced EU budget –> proposal in 2025
revamp external action financing –> more impactful, targeted, more aligned with EU strategic interests
ambitious reform agenda for Europe:
need Treaty change where we can improve our Union, enlargement as a catalyst, enhance EU’s capacity to act
delivering together with the European Parliament
What are the key elements of Cssr Sikela’s mission letter?
“We will strenghten our democracy, rally around our values and ensure that we are strong at home. We will work with our partners and better assert our interests around the world”
international partnerships = key for prosperity, resilience, security of the EU
remain committed to development + eradication of poverty, but with a more assertive approach, mutual benefits, fit for a common future
take Global Gateway from start-up to scale-up –> key: Team Europe approach
make GG a globally trusted + quality brand; focus on mobilisation of private funding
GG developed in synergy with new cleand Trade and Investement Partnerships –> to secure supply of raw materials, clean general + clean tech from across the world
help with Just Transition Partnerships –> decarobinising the power sector
in partnerships: economic, humanitarian, development, peace and security policies –> includes fighting root cuases and key drivers of irregular migration, fight smugglers
committment to UN 2030 Agenda + SDGs
focus of GG: Africa (50% of 300bn EUR to this region)
other: Partnerships with Central Asia (connectivity + raw materials), Asia + Indopacific (Strategic EU-India Agenda), Latin America + Caribbean (security to energy)
differentiated appraoch to Least Developed Countries –> be more effective; focus: basic needs
key focus: gender equality and empowerment of girls and women –> Gender Action Plan III alignment
reform of International system –> UN reform, reform of Multilateral Development Banks
What are the priority areas of the Global Gateway Strategy?
- (green) energy
transition to clean energy production and distribution - digital (infrastructure)
universal access to an open and secure internet - transport
sustainable, multimodal transport, incl. roads and ports - education and research
high quality education and vocational training, focus on girls and women and vulnerable groups - health
strengthen supply chains and loval vaccines production
uderpinned 360 degree enabling environment: democratic values and high standards, good governance and transparency, equal partnerships, green and clean, security focused, catalysing private sector investment
EU’s contirbution to achieving the SDGs
promote sustainable development, reduce poverty, address root causes of irregular migration, bolster economic security
GG does not directly link to EU’s migration and asylum policies but support through job creation and development, investing in tech and vocational education, mobilising investment that the EU can use as aleverage to negotiate migration partnerships with third countries
addresses gender inequality
To which of the EU’s stratgic objectives does INTPA contirbute to?
a geostrategic EC, sustainability, energy independce, economic security
In how far does GG contribute to the eradication of poverty, the European Union’s primary objective in development cooperation (Art. 208 TFEU)?
2030 Agenda + SDGs are guiding compass of EU work
inclusive and sustainable economic growth is the main engine of sustainable development
–> traditional donor-recipient model has limitations –> ODA is not sufficient; annual investment gap to reach SDGs: EUR 4 trillion anually
we know: those who invested in infrastructure development, domestic manufacturing, education, integration into world trade + investment circuits had the most success
“countries want partnerships, not dependencies” –> make them in mutual beneficial manner
–> economically, environmentally, socially environmental manner
What is Global Gateway
marks paradigm shift, awaty from dono-recipient paradimg to cultivating partnerhsips of equals
EU’s external investment strategy, aimed at boosting developmnet of quality infastructre in partner countries, to create sustainable prosperity, jobs and services for local communitites, strengthen the connection of EU and partners
comprehensive strategy to connect the world through sustainable investments and reliable partnerships
boost smart, clean and secure links in 5 priortiy sectors
narrowing global investment gap, reducing strategic dependices, accomapy twin green and digtial transitions
combine support for sustianable development with strong assessment of EU’s strategic interests +
creates powerful transformative packages –> both “hard” infrastructure and “soft” investments for sustainable development that pormote high social, environmental and governance standards (ESG)
global in scope, adapting to needs and strategic interest of different regions
“coherent strategic policy framework for the EU’s geopolitical priorities and the EU’s external brand” –> position ourselves more boldly in an increasingly contested international environment
VDL “we want to create links, not dependencies. We want to sho that democracies and value-driven investments can deliver”
GG is ideal model based on combining trade and development
response to urgent needs of partners
focus: Africa, Central Asia, Latin America
positive offer to partner countries to tackle the infastructure investment deficit + support the green and digital transition globally
1. principles and values-based offer
2. aligned with the 2030 agenda, supports SDG implementation and financing
3. implemented in Team Europe approach
Europe’s offer to connect the wolrd + boost resilience of the EU + partner countries
distinctive + values-based offer, adopted in Dec 2021
EU’s investment strategy
infrastructure development –> “build more resilient connections with the world”
EU contribution to 2030 Agenda + SDGs
comprehensive, qualitative, sustainable offer, rooted in our shared values + norms and standards;
+ EU’s contribution to G7 PGII (transport e.g. corridort) + G20’s Global Alliance against Hunger and Poverty –> GG showcased here
+EU’s contribution to Paris Agreement
2021-2027: mobilise 300 bn EUR as Team Europe
2021-2023: already mobilised 179 bn EUR for GG
360 approach:
combines investment in infrastructure (e.g. roads, cables, solar plants)
with investements in enabling environment (e.g. education, skills, research, regulatory farmeworks, good governance) to support human development and strengthen the capacity of our partners –> investment in hard infrastructure goes together with sectoral reforms, improved capacities of State institutions and regulatory environment, more predicatability of trade + investment conditions
priorities:
1. (green) energy
2. digital (infrastructure)
3. transport
4. education and research
5. health
–> change: limited strategic priorties vs everything before
boosts smart, clean and secure links in the digital, energy and transport sectors and helps strengthen health, education and research systems
enabling environment but not covered by GG:
peace and security
migration management
humanitarian aid
social protection
fodd assistance
key guiding principles for investments:
1. democratic values
2. good governance and transparency
3. equal partnreships
4. green and clean
5. security focused
6. catalysing private sector investment
involvement of private sector is key
provides technical and financial support undre fair and favourable terms, limit risk of debt distress
eunsures transparency, good governance, good governance, high standards of human, social and workers’ rights
core: transformative, large-scale projects that combine public and private financing for investments, with a strong infrastructure element
goal> triple win –> partner countries, political win, private secotr
Eu functions as a matchmaker __> private sector + developing countries
led by SecGen –> whole of EC approach, coordinate
How is GG deployed in Africa
prioty of GG
in line with African strategies (e.g. Africa Agenda 2063)
key document: Joint Vision 2030 –> endorsed by African and EU
Africa infrastructue investments:
2010: 40% EU
2018: 80% China, EU 20%
joint priorities:
1. 11 cooperation areas for prosperity and sustainability
2. peace, security, governance
3. migration and mobility
4. multilateralism
leaders at the EU-AUSummit in 2022 –> committment to 150 bn EUR through GG through Africa-EU Global Gateway Investmenet Package
fastest growing economices, young and dynamic workforce, abundant nautral resources
EU is Africa’s biggest trading, investment, development partner –> our political, economical and security interest are intertwined
but:
lacks investments, exposed to environemtnal degradation and climate change, suffers from war and political isntability
green and digital transitions, human development, sustainable migration management, regional economic integration, rules-based international order
priority areas:
sustinable economic development and industrialisation (local vlaue chains); infrastructure projects (e.g. transport networks, energy systems, logistical hubs); green transition and climate resilience (harness continent’s renewable energy potential); digtial transformation (digital infrastructure, broadband access, digital literacy and entrepreneurship); security (root causes of instability)
Africa: 60% of best solar resources, CMR –> e.g. 70% of world cobalt produced in DRC
2022: agreement on 150 bn EUR GG Africa-Europe Investment package
priority areas:
1. greening (4 out of 14 strategic partnerships on raw materials, Africa- EU Green Energy Initative)
2. digital (Africa-Europe Digital Innovation Bridge 2.0, Digitalisation4Development Hub)
3. transport (Momorandum of UNderstand on the economic corridor connecting Angola’s Lobita Port to DRC and ZAmbia)
4. health (MAV+)
5. education and research (Regional Teachers Initative in Africa)
95 out 165 worldwide TEIs focus on Africa, almost 50% of GG flagships target Africa
goals:
1. Accelerating green transition
focus: Clean hydrogen Production, biodiversity, agri-food systems, climate resilience and disaster risk reducation
2. accelerating digital transition
3. accelerating sustainable growth and decent job creation
transport, support businesses, economic integration, inclusive economies- North Africa region, sustainable mineral raw materials vlaue chians, Africa EU-Science, Technology and Innovation Innitative
4. strengthen health systems
5. improve education and training
Africa does not perceive GG postiviely –> do not like EU’s value focues approach, do not think it is good governance –> instead: too much bureacracy –> often lack the institutional capacities for this
What is the mission of DG INTPA?
contribute to sustainable development, eradication of poverty, peace, protection of Human Rights through international partnerhsips that uphold and promote European vlaues and interests
policy-first!
work under geopolitical ambition and political guidelines set by VDL
actions are based on international law and multilateralism, implementation of global commitments –> 2030 Agenda + SDGs, Paris Agreement
key areas:
Green Deal
Investmenet
Digital agenda
Global Gateway
EFSD+
focus our actions on the following priority areas:
1. Green Deal –> working with partners to achieve progress in key domains such as biodiversity and forests, sustainable energy, sustainable agriculture and nutrition
2. Science, Technology, Innovation and Digital Sector –> foster responsible digitalisation, improve digital skills and boost digital entrepreneurship
3. sustainable growth and jobs –> promote sustainable finance, advacning creation of decent jobs thanks to better businesss environment and ivestment climate
4. migration partnerships –> address root cuases of irregular migration and forced displacement, find durable solutions for refugees
5. governance, peace and security and human development –> uphold HR, domcracy and fundamental principles such as rule of law and political accountability
geopolitical ambitions
HQ + 101 EU DELs worldwide (EU DELs manage 80% of funding)
partnerships are not focused on money –> we do not have enough to cover all global needs
key: inbestment, technolofy tansfer, knowledge transfer to support development trajectory
foucs: economic and service sector
strategic partnerships –> win-win situation through equity, euqal sustainable
key: contirbute to capacity building of devloping countries
What does it mean to be a geopolitical Commission (priority 2019-2024)?
reinforce EU’s role as an international actor. shaping a better global order through supporting multilateralism
paradigm shift in INTPA: from donor-recipient to equal partnerships
toolbox:
NDICI - Global Europe (Neighbourhood Development and International Cooperation Instrument)
Global Gateway
Team Europea approach and Team Europe initatives
What is the NDICI Global Europe?
main EU external financing instrument
adheres to “Policy First” principle
Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument - Global Europe
—> 2021-2027 MFF: 79,5 bn EUR + Emerging Challenges & Priorities Cushion (EUR 9.534 bn) (total MFF 1074.3bn EUR)
superseding 10 instruments from previous MFF –> major simplification
other external instruments are for:
pre-accessoion (EUR 14.2 bn)
humanitarian aid (EUR 11.6 bn)
off-budget european Peace Facility (EUR 17 bn)
strong focus on investments through EFSD+ –> blending + guarantess; implemented via EIB, EBRD; EU MS development finance institutions, international financial institutions
section:
- geographic programmes (60 bn EUR)
European Neighbourhood
Sub–Saharan Africa (by far biggest with almost 30 bn EUR)
Asia and Pacific
America and the Caribbean - thematic programmes (EUR 6.4 bn)
human rights and democracy
civil society organisations
peace, stability and conflic prevention
global challenges - rapid response actions (EUR 3.2 bn)
peace, stability and conflict prevention in situations of urgenty
strengthening resilience and linking humanitarian aid and development, peacebuilding
union foreign policy needs and priorities
addition: emerging challenges and priorities cushion (EUR 9.5bn)
ODA = 93% of NDICI-Ge expenditure
climate: 30%
migration and forced displacement 10%
socila inclusion and human development (at least 20% of ODA)
gender equality (at least 85% of new actions with gender equality as significant objecitve, of which at least 5% as principle objective)
What is Team Europe?
EU institutions, EU MS, including their financial and development finace institutions and European multilateral banks (EIB, EBRD)
How is GG delivered?
EFSD+ central role –> covering share of the risk of the develoment finance partners contributing their own resources –> attrach additional investors –> EFSD+ Open Architecture window
Team Europe approach
mix of grants, concessional loans, gurantees to de-risk private sector investment
combine operational tools such as technical assistance, policy and economic dialogue, trade and investment agreemens, and standardisation in order to create better conditions for quality investments
in 360 degree approach
private sector = key
financing under fair and favourable terms in order to limit risk of debt distress
addition: Pre-Accession Assitance (IPA) III, Interreg, INvestEU and Horizoon Europe allow EU to leverage public and private investments in priority areas, including connectivity
What were important events with regions that lead to agreements of GG projects?
Au-EU Summit, Ministerial Forum of the Indo-Pacific region, EU-Central Asia Connectivity Conference, EU-ASEAN Summit, EU-LAC Summit
In what context was GG created and what are its strategic ambitions?
Created in face of COVID19 –> clear: countries not prepared –> e.g. Africa: 99% of vaccine production + 96% of medication production from abroad
clear: multipolar world, dependencies are increasingly weaponised
world today: à la carte world –> battle of the offer
EU needs to remain geostrategic –> as geopolitics and geoecomonics are closely linked today
need to diversify supply chains, ensure access to energy and raw materal, link up with emerging growth markets and enhance our political standing in the world
“Emerging Markets and Developing Economis are geopolitical and geoeconomic players that should be invested in” —> need global investment strategy that can complement EU’s industrial strategy + European Green Deal –> now also linked to new Competitiveness Compass
GG: engange with strategic partners with a policy mix driven by economic interest
focus: large-scale infrastructure projects in renewable energy, clean tech, digital transport, CRM –> synergies and market opportunities –> strategic corridor approach
In how far have the SDGs been achieved already today?
only 15% of SDGS on track to be achieved, post-COVID, economic crises, war, etc. some backsliding in achievements
OECD estimae: yearly annual investment gap of EUR 4 trillion
What is the EU’s share of global ODA?
ODA = Offical Development Assistance
EU + its MS: largest provider of ODA –> 2023: 95.9bn, 42% og global ODA (e.g. USA only 26%)
vs China: smaller ODA but world’s largest bilateral creditor (now net debt collector)
EU commits 0.7% of its GNI (Gross National Income) to ODA
What is Europe’s economic position in the world?
EU’s share of world economy is shrinking –> 34% in 1980 to 20% in 2022 –> prospect: 2030: only 12%
Eu is a net importer of energy (2021: 55% of energy was imported)
90% of processing + refining for manufacturing-grade CRM is concentrated in China –> also biggest share in EV production, battery production –> key for twin green and digital transition
–> resonse: GG –> put policy before money
place economic resilience front and at the operational center
What is the Samoa agreement
post-Cotonou agreement –> Nov 2023, EU, MS + 79 OCAPS (African, Carribean and Pacific States) –> modernise partnerships framework + strengthen capacity to address global challenges together
implemented through regional protocols, applying partnerships to different sub-regions
values og FF are aligend with Samo Agreement
Samoa agreemnt provides the legal absis for EIB’s operation in OACPS member countries that signed the Agreement
How is GG deployed in Central Asia
2019: EU-Central Asia Stratefy –> promote resilience, prosperity and regional cooperation
GG: EU-Central Asia Ministeral in 2023, Joint Roadmap for Deepening Ties
key: Trans-Caspian Corridor (connectivity) + CRM
How is GG implemented on a global level
GG implementation needs to be accompanied by strategic engagement at multilateral elvel –> shape international agenda
EU is significant contirbutor to global funds (education, climate, health) but gets little visibility in return –> now: prioritise investments that are in line with GG
How does GG ensure that countries do not get into unsustainable debt?
60% of low-income developming countries are in or high risk of debt distress
GG has a nintegrated approach: investment, trade and macro-economic support
GG improve debt sustainability outlook of partners by susbstituting expesnive commercial debt with hihgly concessional terms
“collect more, spend better approach”
360 degree and buddget support porgrammes under GG ensure a strong focus on macroeconomic stability + debt sustainability in our relations with partner countries
policy dialogue + capacity development used strategically to enhance macroeconomic stability in support of GG
–> helps partners implement key reforms
preventive measures: fostering a stability-oriented fiscal policy, including domestic resource mobilisation + strengthening debt management capacity –> more private investments + concessional finance help
will let to market developmnet, increase productive and trade capacitites –> boost economic activity, attract foreign direct investment (FDI) –> generate tax revenue, helps raise overall debt-carrying capacity
!EU is not a lender and does not participate in restructuring
Which two ceilings does NDICI-GE provide for the EFSD+ guarantees?
- max amount of EUR 53.5 bn of guratneed volumes
- max. EUR 10 bn from Union budget for provisioning of the guarantees from the geographical pillar
What is the Team Europe approach?
developed in response to COIVD-19
brings together EU institutions, MS, their diplomatic network, implementing agencies, development finance institutions and banks, trade promotion and export credit agencies, EIB, EBRD
closely linked to GG implementation –> join forces, pool resources, combine expertise and tools –> scale up, maximise impact, bring focus to actions + increase EU’s geoeconomic + geopolitical ambitions
GG investments can only reach scale + tangible and visible impact if collective action
currently: more than 160 TEI at country, regional and global level
goal: implementing EU strategic priorities (CRM, transport corridors, regional value chains, green hydrogen and pharmaceuitcal partnerships) vis GG (flagship) projects and linked TEIs
most TEIs contribute to GG
What is the EU’s financial contribution in the multilateral fora?
30% of all UN funding (EU + MS are collectively the single largest financial contirbutor to the UN), 25% of WB capital, 33%% of IMF’s assets
What is the EU’s approach in its engagement with multilaterals?
developing a more assertive and strategic approach in its international partnerships
through GG: contirbute to international commitments, strengthen colaitions of like-midnded partners on key priorties –> UN, G7 G20, OECD, WBG, IMF
through GG: contirbution to SDGs asn 2030 Agenda
+ to PGII of G7
EU plays an active role in making the UN’s international system fit for purpose –> address shared challenges —> climate change, environmental protection, pandemics, fragility and conflict, human rights
upcoming key evendts 3rd LLDC, 4th FfD, World Social Summit
With which international organisations is the EU working?
IOs are recipients of 31% of INTPA’s aid
UN system
multilateral development banks (WBG)
regional organisations and regional development banks (e.g. African Development Bank) through strategic partnerships and dialogues at global and local level
–> strategic partnerships, goal: make them more efficient and structured at all levels, increase cooperation to joint work on an effective and responsive multilateralism
–> GG strategy supports this collaborative approach
GG. make better use of valueable resources of IOs + their experience, knolwedge, expertise
top 5 most funded IOs (55% of funds):
WBG, Global Fund for Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria, EIB, UNICEF, UNDP
top funded sectors (55% of funding):
Governemnt and Civil Society, Prevention and Resolution, Baisc Health, Agriculture, Other Multisectors
What is the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs and how is the EU contributing to achieving its goals?
first internationally agreed, universal agenda to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development –> 3 dimensions> economic, social, environmental
GG = EU’s contribution to the SDGs
bring other countries closer to achieving the objecrives whilst upholding multilateralism
EU’s strategic interests, are compatible with the 2030 Agenda
2023 first EUVR
GG> serves EU strategic interests while accelerating progress towards 20230 Agenda. not only through investments in hard infrastructure but also by supporting human development through 360 degree approach
all 5 GG priorities contribute to a range of SDGs
Team Europe> whole-of-government approach //| ensure that economic, social, environmental and governance dimensions are tackled
combine investments in connectivity (infrastructure, energy, igital) with human development (health, education) to trigger multiplier effects
what do the multi-annual indicative programmes of the NDICI-GE cover?
focus on overarching EU policy objectives of the last Commission
Green Deal
digital agenda
sustainable growth and decent jobs
migration
governance
peace and security
human development
gender equality
What was the key outcome of the mid-term review of NDICI-GE?
enhance delivery of the Global Gateway strategy –> fom start up to scale up
result:
1. creation of investment envelopes in each regional programme to leverage private investment –> enabling to serve our needs (critical raw materials, energy, transport corridors, digital connectivity, education/skills, health, etc.)
2. creation of envelopes for “Actions in countires in complex settings” in the relevant regional programms –> where medium to long-term cooperation is not possible
3. increase funding for migration and forced displacement in the regional programmes
4. majority of country programmes are fit for purpose, small adjustments only
5. 2025-27 country allocations translate a focus on top policy priorities, including GG and migration
6. thematic programmes adjusted only to refelct MFF cuts
According to the Treaty of the European UNion, what is the EU’s in its external mission?
advance democracy, rule of law, universality and indivisibility of human rights and fundamental freedoms, respect of human dignity, principles of equality and solidarity, respect for principles of UN charter and international law
According to the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union, what is the primary objective of teh EU’s development policy (Art. 208 TFEU, TEU Art. 22)?
reducation and eradication of poverty
further strenghtneed in 2017 European Consensus on Development
Which programmes are covered by the EFSD+ open architecture?
EFSD+ is a key tool to implement the GG and is implemented by a network of 20 Development Financial Institutions, most of them European
thee Open Architecture covers 6 sectoral investment windows:
1. MSMEs
2. Connectivity
3. Natural Capital
4. Human Development
5. Sustainable Finance
6. Sustinable Cities
EFSD+ EIB deicated windows>
under EFSD+: EU can contirbute to EIB with an overall package of 100 bn EUR of investments to GG until 2027
What is policy coherence?
ensure that our work in complementary and enhances sustainable development globally
key approach to the achievements of SDGs + 2030 Agenda
considers possible impact of EU policy choices on developing countries, ensuring that policies enhance each other and considers potential negative spill-over impacts
through GG. build on SDG interlinkages and accelrate progress
What is the Inequality Marker (I-Marker)?
it helps create a sound reproting and benchmarking system on the contribution of all interventions to reducting inequalities
reinforce ineuqliaty reduction effect on developmnet intervetions by assessing wheether and to what extent inequaliy is considered as an objective
design to benefit the bottom (poorest) 40 per cent
I-0 inequality reduction is not targeted
I-1 Inequality reduction is a significant objective
I-2 Inequality is the principle objective
What is the key goal of GG?
GG is a key geopolitical EU strategy for narrowing the global investment gap and the current limitations of ODA to reach teh SDGs, supporting global economic recovery, adn fostering green and digital transitions
seeks to deliver sustainable growth and jobs by adhering to the principles and values enshrined in the 2030 Agenda for SD, Paris Agreement, Global Biodiversity Framework
framework to pursue European strategic priorities in a Team Eruope approach
strengthen effective and sustainable mutually beneficial investment partnerships with partner countries, key for value chains as well as EU’s industiral base and its competitiveness (esp. in net-zero industries)
aims to boost smar, clean, secure and sustainable links in the digital, climate, energy and transport sectors as well as to strengthen education, research and health systems
implemented with high envrionmental, social and governance (ESG) stamdards
What does GG cover?
both hard connectivity and enabling environment, regulatory frameworks, and norms and standards
inrastructure touches every aspect of human life. By investing in soft and hard infrastructure, GG supports human development
How is GG financed?
half of 300bn EUR is mobilised through EU budget through NDICI-GE–> innovative EFSD+ instrument supporting budgerary guarantees and bedning, deployed via the EIB and other eligible development finance institutions
uses mix of financial tools
–> grants, concessional loans, guarantees to de-risk private sector investments, technical assistance, policy and economic dialogue, trade and investment agreements and standardisation
–> integrated investment packages –> 360 degree approach –> incl. GG key principles: clean and green, equal partnerships, democratic values and high standards, good governance, transparency, security-focused, catalytic for private sector
tools: draws on set of financial tools in MFF 2021-2027: NDICI-GE, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance III (IPA III), digital + international part of Connecting Europe Facility, Interreg and InvestEU, Horizon Europe
EFSD+= financial arm of NDICI-GE –> leverage up to 135 bn EUR investments 2021-2027
up to 18bn EUR available in grant funding from EU budget
EFSD+ guarantees: 40bn EUR guarantee capacity, will generate 135 bn EUR investments in GG projects
of 40bn: 13 bn EUR will be available for “open archictecure” window, where pillar-assessed financial institutions can apply
18bn EUR grants - NDICI-GE
135bn expected investment mobilised by EFSD+ (70bn ERU Open Architecture, 40 bn EUR EIB, 25bn EUR EIB/ GG)
145bn EUR EU MS, EIB, EBRD, European DFIs
What is the role of the private sector in GG?
catalyst for sustainable development
take forward large-scale and transformative projects –> trasport corridors, logistics, trade and other economic dimensions
harness their expertise, resources and innovation to help achieve sustainable development objectives
improving the access of European companies to tenders and improving the enabling environment to favour investment
- developing public-private partnerships
- supporting trade and investment faciliation
- providing rechnical assistnace and skills
- enhancing policy dialogue on business-related issues to improve the business environment and investment climate
Which change does GG bring?
reflects a paradim shift –> away from donor-recipient
“from payer to player”
needs of partner countries are combined with strong assessment of EU strategic interests –> position EU more prominently in a competitive world
What is the GG Board?
gives strategic steer
MS at the level of Foreign Affairs Minister
EP an observer
EIB, EBRD, MS development finance institutions representativs as observers
What is the GG Business Advisory Group?
BAG expert group
provie strategic input from private sector
60 private sector representatives (CEO level) + 10 observers (DFIs, ECAs, EIB and EBRD)
work in 5 sub-groups along the lines of GG priority sectors
What are Global Gateway flagship projects?
selected initatives, showcasing transformative power of GG, endorsed by Council (COREPER)
provide clarity on investment priorities of EU will be delivering concreate and tangible results
key: impact!
264 GG flagship projects (includes 46 additional ones endoresed by COPRER in Nov 2024, without: 138)
mobilising 179 bn EUR of investment, involving all 27 MS, respective agencies, banks, private enterprises
50% are Climate and Energy
20% are Transport
13% are Digital
10% are Health
7% are Education and research
geographics: 45% Sub-Saharan Africa, 19% Latin America and Caribbean, 17% Neighbourhood and Enlargement, 15% Asia and Pacifc, 2% regional or global projects
What is covered under the Digital priority of GG
1, Digtial
decisive driver of economic growth, innovatiion, triggering societal development, can also improve governance, increase access to services
human centric digtial transformation and transition to green and digital economy
COVID-19 pandemic showed importance of access to secure + trustworthy digtial infrastructure; in 2022: only 25% of Low-Income countries used internet
goals:
1. tackle global digital divide
2. promote EU#s human centric approach, services, assets
3. promote secure, resilient and trusted connectivity
4. implement scale up human-centric digtial partnerships based on an integrated appraoch to digital transformation from hard to soft infrastrucute
contribute to job creation, sustainable and inclusive economic growth, green transition, inequality reducation
digital priorities:
1. governance
2. digital connectivity
3. skills, entrepreneurship and access to finance
4. e-services
digital investment objectives:
1. inclusive expansion of digital connectivity
2. resilience and secuirty of digital connectivity
3. open, global and interoperable internet
4. contributing to “twin transition”
5. international cooperation on R&I and Green Deal
connectivity infrastructure investments: submarine cables, terrestrial backbones and sattelite soultion, green and secure data centres, last-mile netowrks, data governance platforms and data centres, e-governance
Digtial4Developmet Hub as a strategic platform for key stakeholders (launched Dec 2020) –> EU MS, private sector, civil society, and financial institutions of TE –> scale up investments in digital transformation of partner countries, promote comprehensive values-based rulebook for digital economy and society worldwide, fostering stronger and more strategic EU engagement in international digital partnerships
global internet traffic expected to grow more than six-fold by 2030 00 –> broadband connectivtiy will become necessity in transition towards data-driven societies
governance policy, open internet, regulatory frameworks
access to affordable, sustainable and secure broadband connectivity andd digital infrastructures and networks, digtial literacy and skills, digital entrepreneurships and job creation
deploy digital networks and infrastructures –> includes submarine and terrestrial fibre-optic cables, space-based secure communication systems, cloud and data infrastructure
provides a baiss for exchange of data, cooperation in high performance computing, AI, earth observation
tackle global digital divide
strengthen secure and trsuted digtial connections whilst minimising environmental footprint of digital infrastructure, promoting green data centers
includes standards and protocols supporting network security and resilience, interoperability, open, plural and secure internet –> ensure cybersecurity
promote access to Open INternet, as key driver of innovation,socio-political, economic and cultural development
offer digital economy packages –> combine infrastrucutre investments + country-level assistance -> ensuring proteciton of personal data, cybersecuirt, right to privacy, trustworthy AI, fair and open digital market –> inspiration: GDPR
10% of NDICI-GE dedicated to digital actions
EU has launched 5 comprehensive Digital Economy Packages (Nigeria, Kenya, DRC; Phillippines, Colombia);
priorities: secure and trusted digital infrastrucutre include secure undersea cables, backbone infrastructure, satellite imagery and data, last-mile connectivity, data governance and cybersecurity
examples: BELLA programme –> submarine cables btw Latin America and EU, terrestrial backbone between South American countries –> digital highway to boost investment and research collaboration (53 mil EUR, 50% by EU) –> GG helps connection to rest of Latin American contient
also important for> EU Copernicus Emergency Management Services Centeres in Panama –> climate emergencies
EU-LAC Digital Alliance –> promote regulatory convergence and internaitonal cooperation in realm of data proteciton
What is covered by the Climate and Energy priorty of GG
framed by the EU’s ambitious energy transition goals, stemming from European Green Deal, launched in 2019; EU promotes objectives of Paris Agreemtns, supports investment in clean and just energy transitions worldwide through GG
partner countries seek environemntal, social and economic advantages of pursuing a sustainable economic model
goals:
1. boost investments in clean energy infrastructue
2. support them to fight energy povery, bridge energy access gap
3. increases renewable energy in the energy mix
4. improves energy efficiency
1/4 of GG flagships focused on energy –> cover hydropower to renewables and green hydrogen
NDICI-GE 2021-27: allocate 30% of funding to climate action
affordable and reliable access to energy and raw material is prerequisist for economies to function and industries to be competitive
energy sector: 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions –> key: transition to cleaner energy
COP26, Glasgow Climate Pact, committment to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions by 2050
COP 27 launched TEI on “CLimate Adaptation and Resilience in Afric” with African Union partners
COP28 Pledge on tripling renewable energz capcity and doubling energy efficiency by 20230
invest in both mitigation and climate resilience –> necessity for food, health, human secuirty, protection against impact of climate change + major ecomoic opportunity
goal: just energy transition, diversify our clean energy supply at the same time
offshore wind farms, promote energy efficienct, renewable nergy (including smart grids), just transition
encompassing infrastructure investments built to standards that stimulate low or zero emmissions and supporting regulation towards clean energy and green transition, including mitigation and adaptation as well as transition
includes: agri-food systems, water, sanitation and hygiene, fighting polution and ciruclar economy (including waste management and recycling) and preservation of terresterial and marine ecosystems (inclduing forestry, biodiversity and ocean)
includes investments in resilient and sustainable raw materials value chains
develop renewable hydrogen production, promote creation of competitive markets for hydorgen to be traded globally
2021-27: 35% of EU’s external budget contributes to climate action, 10% to biodiversity protection
Just Energy Transition Partnerships –> shift away from fossil fuels
Forest Partnerships
examples:
Power to Africa –> 2.4bnEUR grants to Sub-Saharan Africa + 1.08bn EUR to North Africa to support renewable energy, energy efficiency, just transition and greening of local value chains; develop renewable hydrogen sector
Africa-EU Green Energy Initative (AEGEI) –> development and integration of regional energy markets, implementation of a strong continental Africa Single Electricity Market –> TE partners mobilies 20bn EUR
What is covered by the Transport priority in Gg
promote sustainable connectivity across various modes of transport to support global economic growth,job creation and access to essential sevices
vital role in connecting people to healthcare, education, and other essential services, highlighting its importance in fostering socio-economic development
supports transition to low-carbon transport modes –> electric and hyrbid vehicles, promotes digitalisation to reduce greenhouse gas emission and improve efficiency
investments in sustainable urban mobility, urban municipal services, resilience and inlusion are key
transport networks are critical enabler of propserous economies and societies –> enable trade. fight against climate change, develop and introduce new digital technologies
ecompassing infrastructure investments aiming at developing sustinable, smart, resiliert, inclusive and safe transport netowrks –> rail, road, ports, airports, logistics and border-crossings, urbam mobility
involves “soft connectivity” –> sustainable transport agreemtns, convergence with European technical, social, environmental and competition standards
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enable diversification of supply chains –> suppor decarbonisation efforts
EU: seek to build our own position as the world’s global transport hub
12 transport corridors in Agrica –> strengthen Africa-EU connectivity, foster sustainable growth and jobs, advance Green Deal and human development, promote peace and security
examples:
Lobito Economic Corridor –> is also priorty of G7 PGII
Trans-Caspian Transport Corrdior (TCTC) –> also a priority og G7 PGII
provide 4.6bn EUR to enhance sustainable transport connection, for green and digital transition –> Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) to Western Balkans, Turkey and Eastern PArtnerships, as well as Trans-Mediterranean Transport Network (TMN-T) in Southern Neighbourhood
strengthen connections with strategic corridors in Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia, advancing the regulatory environment
foster convergence with European or international technical, social, environmental and competition standards, creating level-playing field
What is covered by the Health priority of GG
pandemic has revealed weaknesses
Africa: import 99% vaccines, 96% medication
die from treatable conditions, including vaccine-preventable diseaeses, maternal disorders, road injuries
priority: secuirty of supply chains, development of local manufacturing, diversify pharmaceutical supply chains –> promotes helath sovereignty and autonomy
look for opportunities in health linked to research and digitalisatoin, support to strengthen regulatory environment for local production of medicine and medical technologies
Nov 2022: EU Global Health Strategy
investments aiming to strengthen global and partner countries’ capacities to respond to shocks and health crises
diversification of pharmaceutical supply chains, development of local manufacturing capacities.
supports integration of fragmented markets, promotes research and cross-border innovation in healthcare
EU has adopted a Global HEalth Strategy –> strengthen health systems, security of pharmaceutica. supply chains, development of local manufacutring through investment in infrastructure + support of regulatory environemnet –> e.g. MAV+
- MAV+: TEI on Manufacturing and Access to Vaccines, Medicines and Health Technologies
2bn EUR mobilised, addresses supply side (production) and demand side (ensure off -take)
360 approach: 1. industrial development, supply chains, private sector 2. market shaping, demand, trade facilitation 3. regulaotry strengthening 4. technology transfer and intellectual propert management 5. access to finance incl. for SMEs 6. R&D, higher education and skills
What is covered by the Education and Research priority of GG
education is critical for long-term economic success
focus: quality education, digital education, life-long learning
key: inclusion of girls, women and other vulnerable groups
invest in people and building alliances towards prosperity
transform education systems and address deficits in teaching, training, learning at all levels
quality of FF investments will depend on the availability of an educated, skilled and competent workfroce –> education as a transformative investment
faciliate mobility of staff, students, teachers, tranees –> extended Erasmus+ programme + Horizon Europe (Erasmus+ international arm: 2021-2027 2.2bn EUR)
investments in quality education, inclduing technical and vocational education and training.
promotes connection, collaboration and creation of networks and communities of education and research, including Horizon Europe and Erasmus+
EU budget increase for education in international partnerships 2021-23: from 7-13% –> EU is top donor for education
but also: 44% of INTPA’s educatoin funding is committed to fragile context -> focus: primary education
2024: GG High-Level Event on Education –> EU signed regional and bilateral programmes worth 245 bn EUR
focus of GG Education falgships:
1. equity and basic education for girls (92% of committments have targeted gender equality since 2021)
2. teacher’s training
3. vocational education and training
20% of EU’s exeternal budget 2021-27 dedicated to human development, social inclusion, including education and health,(NDICI-GE)
Global Partnership for Education (GPE)
Education Cannot Wait (ECW)
What are the enabling sectors under Global Gateway?
GG promotes consolidation of investment and trade friendly environment
- public sector: better regulation, sound finance management and stronger and accountable institutions
- private sector> strneghten private initative, job creation, enhance business envrionment, access to sustainable finance
What is the Global Gateway 360 degree approach?
creating an enabling environemnt for sustainable and quality investments, promoting high social, environmental and governance standards (ESG), supports climate neutrality and green and digital transition, enhances respect for HR, rule of law, non-discrimination, promotes decent work, education, gender, youth and social rights, reduction of inequalitites
requires macro-economic stability
implemented in Team Europe approach
mobilises and combines different implementation modalitites (budgetary guarantees, blending, budget support, procurement and grants) and technical expertise, including from public sector (instruments e.g. Twinning, TAIEX), with operational tools (policy and economic dialogue, trade and investment agreements, support to conducive policy and regulatory frameworks, institutional support and technology transfers)
supporting incluise and participatroy approach with level civil society actors and local authorities
entails systematic application, taiolred to context of 6 key principles set out for GG, guiding its implementation
1. democratic values
2. good governance and transparency
3. equal partnreships
4. green and clean
5. security focused
6. catalysing private sector investment
examples:
1. MAV+: TEI on Manufacturing and Access to Vaccines, Medicines and Health Technologies
2bn EUR mobilised, addresses supply side (production) and demand side (ensure off -take)
360 approach: 1. industrial development, supply chains, private sector 2. market shaping, demand, trade facilitation 3. regulaotry strengthening 4. technology transfer and intellectual propert management 5. access to finance incl. for SMEs 6. R&D, higher education and skills
in line with Greean and Cleanr Principle, high ESG standards, seeking to use green energy sources, including waste management
led in Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Ghana, expanding to Egypt, Nigeria
What is the governance structure of GG?
under overall steer of President VDL
Global Gateway Board: provides strategic steer for GG strategy, VDL chairs the board, Ministers of Foreign Affairs attend, Presidents of EIB and EBRD + small number of MEPs are observers
GG projects developed in Team Europe Initatives as Team Europe
EU DELs play key role
Businsess Advisory Group give input from private sector
dialogue with civil society
GG is priority for discussion in upcoming international Summits and multilateral fora
Global Gateway Steering Group: EC group, whole-of-Commission appraoch, bringing together all relevant line DGs and the EEAS
What is the next step in implementing GG?
“from start-up to scale-up”
Accroding to Art. 21 of the TFEU, what is the EU’s role in its external action?
“foster the sustainable economic, scoial and environmental development of developing countries, with the primary aim of eradicating poverty”
–> countries that were most successful in reducing infrastructure are those that invested in infrastructure, domestic value addition, governance, human development, thereby integrating their economies into world trade and investment circuits
What is not covered by GG?
GG does not cover the full breadth of INTPA action
continue to engage in conflict areas, fragile coutnries, other complex settings through tailored means
EU has also developed a more comprehensive and strategic
How is GG implemnted in the Western BAlkans and Eastern and Southern Neighbour hoods?
Through Economic and Investment Plans
also comprehensive policies in these regions:
Strategic and Comprehensive Partnerships with neighbouring countries, Ukraine Facilitz, Western Balkans Reform, Growth Facility
What are Team Europe initatives?
GG projects implemented in Team Europe manner, currently over 160 projects in all regions
What are the horizontal prioties of INTPA and how are they persued?
HR; inequalities, gender, youth, disability
Action PLan on Human Rights and Democracy 2020-27
innovative Inequality Marker (I-Marker) –> shows: in 2023: 56% of actions substantially focused on reducing on inequalitites –> by 2025: 85% of external actions contirbute to gender equality (2022: 72% already)
Action Plan on Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in External Actin (GAP III)
2022: Youth Action Plan in External Actino
What are examples of GG projects in Africa
Port Cotonou -_> one of most important maritime hubs in West Africa, located between Lome + Lagosm very strategic
since 2018: managed by Port of Antwerp Bruges International–> goal: turn it into a port of excellence in terms of logistics and digitalisation
Team Europe: 200mil EUR to upgrade facility –> simplification and modernisation of customs process, investment in governance and competitiveness, support to construction of new fishing terminal
Green hyrdogen in Namibia
Namibia is home to major wind and solar energy resources , substantial depoistis of rare earth and other minerals
2022 EU-Africa strategic partnerships on sustainable raw materials value chains and renewable hydrogen
Team Europe: 7 Green Hydrogen projects identified, potential investment 20bn EUR
EU supports National Green Hydrogen Programme, focus on regulatory alignment, capacity building, skills development
Regionals Teachers Initative
launched in 2023, Team Europe, AU, UNESCO –> more competent, motivated, and inclsuive teacher workforce, offering quality learning
Youth Mobility for Africa –> Eramus+
Medusa Flagship –> underwater cablin in the MEditerranean to conenct North Africa with EU , extension to West Africa is envisaged –> 40 mil EUR grant from EIB
MAV+: TEI on Manufacturing and Access to Vaccines, Medicines and Health Technologies
2bn EUR mobilised, addresses supply side (production) and demand side (ensure off -take)
360 approach: 1. industrial development, supply chains, private sector 2. market shaping, demand, trade facilitation 3. regulaotry strengthening 4. technology transfer and intellectual propert management 5. access to finance incl. for SMEs 6. R&D, higher education and skills
How is GG implemented in Asia-Pacific?
Asia is becoming the centre of global economy
10bn EUR GG investment package for Southeast Asian Nations
EU-Central Asia Strategy
EU-Central Asia Roadmap for Deepening Ties
EU-Strategy for Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific
bilaterlas: KAzakhstan and Uzbekistan: Memoranda of Understanding on critical raw materials
EU-INdia Connectivity Partnership
Eu-INdia Trade and Technology Council
bilat TEIs
GG flagship South Asia Enegry Connectivity
EU-Pacific Green-Blue Aliance
What are examples of GG projects in Asia-Pacific?
GG agenda in Central Asia: 2 regional TEIS on water, energy, climate change and on digital connectivity
TEI on water, energy, climate change supports sustainable and just green transition in Central Asia (incldues development of Rogun Dam hydro-power plant)
TEI on digital connectivity in central Asia: provide sustainable and inclusive connectivity using lteast available satellite technology and providing technical assistance –> highest international standards for digital governance, including personal data protection and cybersecurity
advancing cooperation on CRMs –> Memoranda of Understanding with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan –> increase resilience of CRM supply chains, harmonise regulaotry framewokr in CRM industry, achieve mutual recognition of proudct wuality
–> reach resources 6 EUropean expertise in advanced CRM mining, processing, recycling = solid base for stronger partnership within framework of Critical Raw Materials Act
Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor (TCTC)
modern, competitive and efficient route connectin Europe and Asia in no more than 15 days
strengthen role of Central Asia as connectivity hub + foster economic cooperation, regional integration among 5 Central Asian countries, connecting the region with Europe
EIB + EBRD already pleged 1.5bn EUR each ; necessary amunt: 18,5bn EUR (made up of 40 hard and soft infrastructure projects)
Jan 2024: EU-Central Asia Transport Investors Forum, committed EUR 10bn for sustainable transport connectivity in Central Asia
BELLA programme –> submarine cables btw Latin America and EU, terrestrial backbone between South American countries –> digital highway to boost investment and research collaboration (53 mil EUR, 50% by EU) –> GG helps connection to rest of Latin American contient
Digital transformations in Philippines:
Copernicus Programme –> EU’s first Earth Observation programme for disaster risk manamgenet in South-East Asia; involves establishment of data centre hub, hosten by Philippines Space Agency
improve environmental managmeent and mitigate effects of climate change
+ Digital Economy Pack –> TE: upgrade Philippines connectivity infrastructure to better access Copernicus data. provide capacity building on cybersecurity and 5G roll-out, finance scholarships, facilitate technical exchanges
GGflagship South Asia Energy Connectivity –> energy projects in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal
–>development of regional energy market, focus on intra-regional generation and flow of renewable enegry, increasing energy security in SOuth Asia
How is GG implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean?
partners of choice
EU is leading investor in the region and its 3rd external trading partner
EU makes contribution to job creation, sustainable growth, supporting industrialisation and local value addition
essential partner for Europe’s strategic autonomy
global value chians (e.g. host 60% of identified global lithium reserves) –_> need capital, technology, training and standards to close the investment gap
promote joint value chians will foster innovation based on shared technology, create local added value and generate growth, jobs and social cohesion
promote green, digital and fair transition –> CELAC has potential: biodiversity, nautral resources, renewable energy, green hydrogen, agricultural production, strategic critical raw materials
EU-CELAC Summit 2023
EU-LAC GG Investment Agenda (GGIA)
commit 45 bn EUR of investment to the region by 2027
>130 projects in renewable energz and hyrodgen, ocean and forest conservation, critical raw materials, digital transition, health resilience, education and transport infrastructure.
4 pillars:
1. fair green transition
2. inclsuive digital transformation
3. human development
4. health resilience and vaccines
Carribbean: 3 strategic partnerships
1. environmental sustainablity
2. economic resilience and trade
3. governance, security, human development
EU-LAC Digital Alliance: extension of BELLA cables + creation of two Copernicus centres
LAC-Health Resilience Initative
support development of local medicines and vaccine manufacutring and health systems resilience, including regulatory frameworks
LAC-Global Green Bonds Initative
development of green bond market in LAC
EU programme “Inclusive Societies” for Latin America an Caribbean, tackle inequalites, reduce poverty, and enhance soical inclusion and cohesion in the countries in the region –> 60 mil EUR from EU budget
What are examples of GG projects in Latin America and the Caribbean?
EU-LAC Global Gateway Investment Agenda :
TEI aiming to reduce the demage of the Sargassmus alga in the Caribbean Basin –> damage critical coastal ecosystems, human health, coastal activites, major economic sectors
__> intersect with PGII project
+ integrate into the cricular economy (cosmetics, fertilisers, biomass)
includes research, policy and normative framework, knowledge sharing, monitoring and forecasting, facilitation of private sector investment, public investment
other: Brazil: telecom networks in Amazon region, Chile; TEI on Green Hydrogen, Costa Rica: electrification of public transport, Paraguay: upgrade electricity network, Panama: universal access to energy, Jamaica: deployment of 5G to reach island-wide braodband access, Colombia: construction of metro line
What is the goal of GG projects focused on green hydrogen
reliable hydrogen supply chains
develop international hydrogen
–> essential for Green Deal!
types of investments: green iron and steel, fertiliser and fuels
exports: shipping and hydrogen pipline
energy system: H2 as battery
Memorandum of UNderstanding: Egypt, Morocco, Ukraine, Japan, Namibia, Norway, Uruguay, Argentina, Kazakhstan
GG flagships:
Barbados: Electricy storage
Trinidad and Tobago: fertiliser
South Africa and Namibia: GH2 investment platform
BRazil: port infrastructure including GH2 readiness
goals: 1, enable institutional environemtn to deliver infrastrucutre
2. build capacity and develop skills of the workforce
3. facilitate investment and business cooperation
4. support cooperation and research in higher education
potential toal envelope: 225 mil EUR
What is the stategic cooridor approach of GG
focus: Afirca
GG: focus on limited number of strategic corridords –> higher impact + quality
Green Deal: supporting cleaner and more efficient corridors by promoting multi-modality and climate ambitions –> reduce environmental impacts + create climate-resilient infrastructure
12 Strategic Corridors in Africa
key: Lobito-Lubumbashi/Solwezi-Nodla –> railm road, waterway
5 out of 11 corridors are also mineral resource corridors as almost 50% of mining properties fall inside them
Central Asia: also corridors
potential development of corridors: from transport corridor>logistics corridor>trade corridor>economic corridor>growth corridor
How is the EU involved in sustainable raw material value chains?
European Critical Raw Materials Act
–> ensure secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials for the EU
1. Strengthen all stages of European CRM value chain
2. improve capacity to monitor and mitigate risks of disruption to CRM supply
3. diversify EU CRM imports to reduce strategic dependencies
4. imrpove CRM circularity and sustainabilty
–> GG contributes to this
aim to support partner conutries in developing raw matierals value chain locally
support local value addition
hard + soft measures (capcity building, skills, regulaotry envrionemtn)
boost + leverage private sector investment projects along enitre raw materail value chain
What is the GG flagship project for the Lobito Corridor?
Lobito corridor connects Lobito port in Angola with Katanga prvince in DRC and Copperbelt in Zambia
big transformational multi-country projects build on development aspirations from our partner countries
is also a priority of G7 PGII –> USA + EU co-lead
first open-access transcontientail rail link in Africa, potential to unlick the region’s enourmous potential, enhance export possibilites, promote regional integration
What is the GG Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor
establishment of transprot corridor to establish modern, competitive and efficient route connecting Europe and Asia in no more than 15 days
EU’s contribution to G7 PGII
What is EFSD+?
innovative instrument to mobilse private finance at scale, used for GG
40bn EUR EFSD+ guarantee programme
What is the role of civil society and local authorities in the GG implementation process?
key to leave no one behind
principle of good governance and transparency of GG: means that those most affected by potential investment projects will have a seat at the table through comprehensive and meaningful public consultations with civil society
Global Gateway Civil Society and Local Authorities Advisory platform –> space for exchange on GG rollout
at country level: EU DELs in contact with CSOs for TEI consultation
example: TEI on democracy (Team Europe Democracy) example of CSO + local authorities being closely involved in TE work
How is GG a positive offer to partner ocuntries?
equal partnerships = one of key principles (see 6 principles)
GG aims to forge links, not create dependencies
projects: inclusive, transparent, promote good governance, respect international norms and standards, ensure highest environmental, financial, social, labour and management standards
EU offers solid financial conditions, bringing grnats + concessional loans, budgetary guarantees to reduce investments risks, improve debt sustainability
What is the link with Ecnomic and Investment PLans and the various Summits?
GG investments are in line with strategic framewokrs set at Summits and other high-level events
e.g. EU-AU Summit, EU-Central Asia Economic Forum, Eu-ASEAN Summit, Indo-Pacific Minsiteral Forums, EU-CELACS Summit, Western Balkan Summit, etc.
specific GG INVestments Agenda(GGIA) exist for certain regions
ON criticism that EU only pursues ow interests: access to raw materials and hydrogen
build strong + transparent partnerships in priority sectors for our partners and the EU –> both hard + soft infrastrucute, 360 degree approach to best serve local communities’ interests and needs
mutually benefical –> access for EU + support development of local processing and refining capacities
further: enhance investment climate, promote regulatory reforms, boost capacity-building,
key: leads to local value addittion –> build local industries + move up the value chain
What are examples of EU private sector engagmenet in GG
BioNTech vaccine manufacturing in Rwanda
part of MAV+ (total regional TEI: 1bn EUR)
for Rwanda: TE mobilised 22 mil EUR
BioNTech involvemenet in Senegal and Rwnada, Moderna in Kenya, J&J in South Africa under MAV+
EU-Namibia partnership on sustainable raw materials value chians and renewable hydrogen –> Memorandum of Understanding in 2022 –> 7 projects in pipeline promoted by EU companie s
What is the EU-LAC GG Investment Agenda
GGIA= key political outcome of the EU-CELAC summit of 2023
common commitment to creating links btw the regions, address common global challenges, achieve the SDGs
address investment gaps in line with EU + CELAC priorties
What is the EU-ASEAN Investment Package
agreed EU-ASEAN Summit 2022, 10bn EUR, Green Transition and Sustinable Connectivit GG flagship TEI
How do you define our relationship with China
EU takes multifacted appraoch to China – cooperation and negotiation partner, competition, systemic rival
shared interest in pursuing constructive and stable relations, anchored in respect of rules-based international order, balanced engagement, reciprocity
need to de-rsik our relations –> EU must ensure a level playing field and fairer competition –> EU: needs to reduce crticial dependencies and vulnerabilites, including its supply chians, de-risk and diversify where necessary
work together on global issues e.g. climate change, environment, biodiversity, debt sustainability, global health –> SDGs, 2030 Agnda, Paris Agreement
CHina = world’s largest bilateral creditor
EU + EU MS = world’s largest donor
China: growing appetite to shape global institution to better suit its strategic priorities
GG vs China’s BRI
not directed against anyone
EU offers solid financial conditions for partners to reduce investment risks and improve debt sustainability
co-existance of BRI and GG allows countries to choose btw models based on their developmetn needs and risk tolerance
GG procurmeent: can Chiense comapnies be directly or indirectly be financed with EU funds
companies based in develpoming countries that are members of G20 (India, HCina, Brazil) ofte not eligable to contrubte to EU-fundend projecty, same for indirect management
however: Eu funds indirectly managed by pillar-assessed partners like EIB, MS organisation, international organisation, projects are subject to those partners’s procurmenet rules –> China may be eligible to bid in a tender managed or superviesd by pillar-assess partners
EU procurement rules cover issue of abonrally low tenders + work on strengthen our internal guidance, reflecting on enhancing the use of quality standarsds –> need a more forceful appraoch to strategic procurement to foster a level playing field for EU companies in context of GG
all our funding requires implemneting partners to respect HR
Trump 2nd term: what does it mean for the EU
huge financial and political pressure on UN and other international organisation –> end US AID, withdrawl from WHO and Paris Agreement, America-first foreign policy doctrine, 90 day freeze on US foreign aid)
renewed political and financial strains on international oganisation
stress test for rules-based internaitonal order
FfD Conference will be key!
financial gap could be opportunity for CHina –> other actors can step up their presence in key organisations
GG emerged as the right approach in these challening times of profoud geo-political tension and increased pressure on our development cooperation resources
major tarrifs on Canada, 25% Mexico 25%, China additonal 10%
potentially also coming for EU
Trumpo on EU: hostile trade actor, hotbed of socialist ideas , not psending enough on defence, drag on US resources, overregulate strangling EU economy and threaten US companies
EU is overregulating
criticsm DSA, DMA
US= largest single donor of humanitarian assistanc globally –> cut will be evident, close US Aid
terminating funding, unclear what will happen to UN –> Trump: transactional appraoch to foreign policy –> chalenge rule of law, humanitarian values
imapcts on: trade and economic relations, Nato and defense spending, climate change and environemtnal policy, immigration and refugees, geoloticial relations
What are key GG flagships examples
MAV+
Lobito Corridor
Medusa Cable –> largest submarine high-capcity optical-fibre acble initaitve in the meditarream
CRM in Namibia, green hyrdogen in Chile, Philippine digtial flagship
Philippine digital flaship as part of the EU copernicus global programme
Trans-Caspian Transport corridor
Rogum Hydropower Plant in Tajikistan
What are the beneifts for the EU of its partnerships
stimulating inclusive growth –> bost developing countries + trade with EU
inssues affecting everybody are tackled –> cost-efficient
promote internaitonal vlaues + principles –> Hr, democracy, rule of law, gender equality, women empowerment
strenghen EU + increase its visibility
Which decision are part of the Global Framework for Sustainable Development
2030 agenda + SDGS
Paris Agreement
Addis Ababa Action Agenda –> new global framework for financing sustainable development , foundation of 2030 Agenda
2017 European Consesnus on Development –> EU response to 2030 Agenda
What are key drivers of sustainable development
youth
gender equality
mobility and migration
sustinable energy and climate change
investment and trade
What are the main goals of the Green Deal?
introduced in Dec 2019
comprehensive set of policy initatives
includes European Cliamte law –> enshrines 2050 climate neutrality yo get itno law
Fit for 55 Package: aim reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030
goals
1. 2050 net zero greenhouse gas emisisons
2. Clean energy transition –> increase share of renewable energy, phase out oil coal, gas
3. sustinabale industry –> greener porudcts and porcesses, circular economy and less poluting
4. sustinable mobility –> encourage development of green, enrgy efficinet transport, including EVs, alternative fuels
5. biodiversity protection
challenges:
1. ecnomic transformation –> shift business model
2. investment –> needs signifianct amounts, target 1 trillion EU
China is world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases
3. international cooperation –> trade, energy policies, access to CRM
What are the key target’s of EU’s digital transformation
build digtial infrastructure
digtial skills and literacy
innovation and digital entrepreneurship
secure and ethical digtial environment
challenges: digitla divide, data privacy and security ,sustianble digital transformation, potential of increased monopolies, impact on traditional industries and jobs, regulaotry burden, esp onSMEs
key polices: DSA, DMA, AI Act
EU vs China: development investment
EU is struggling to ocunter China’s growing influence around the world
China is more agile
EU: complex beauracracy, environemtnatal and social conditions attached to fundinf
2013-2023: BRI invested 1tirllion EUR in 152 countries
! annual funding dropped after several borrowers defaulting on replayment began rising in 2020 –> BRI created dependicies on China
EU as alternative –> make countries resilient, self-relient, independent
What does it mean to be a geopolitical Commission
stronger Europe in the world
mutlilateralism and rules-based global order, strong, open and fair trade agenda, ensure highest standards of climate, environemnt and labour protection, wokring shoulder-to-shoulder with neighbouring countries and partners
coordinated appraoch to external action
more active role and stronger voice for EU in the world
Practice image: image of solar panels in developing countries
Practice image: digital classroom in rural area
Practice image: car production line
practice: supercomputing picture
practice image: migrant health clinic in north africa
practice image: Container ships in European Port
practice image: vaccination campaign
practice image: infrastrcuture development proejct such as bridges, roads
practice image: gender equality workshop
practice image: stallite view of global itnernet connectivity
practice image: wind farm
practice image: mobile financial service
practice image: school construction
practice image: health care professional administering vaccine
practice image: water purification
practice image: digital skills training
practice image: humanitarian aid distribution
practice image: urban public transport development
practice image - small-scale farmer with drought-resilience
Why are you interested in the JPP
further countribute to mission of EC
enthusiastic of European Union + global scale
Europe is stronger together, united Europe is our future, I want contributed
keen interest in INTPA
also like to know other areas of EC –> trade, echo
academic background –> profile fits
enjoy work environment
drive + commitmtent to EU
interest in learning opportunities –> up for the challenge
step-up in responsibilities
Why are you the perferct candidate for the JPP
multlilingual background
strong believer in Eruoprean mission for Eu +world – see for Slovakia, Germany, see it for world, GG, multilateralis
Academic background global studies> process of globalisation –> economic, social, political sicences, focus on European persepctive and how the EU contirbutes to these processes
I want to contirbute to working together
focus how economic, social and enviornmnetal upgrading leads to devleopment in countries –> e.g. Sri Lanka, China –> relevant for GG
multifacted profile –> can work in various DGs !
wrorked in INTPA for 2 years now
–> contirbution to durvey, strategic oreitnation in engagmenet with multilaterals,
preparation files for Cssr
theorteical know-how + experience
pro-active, efficient in my work
good in working in team, follow instructions, meet DDL ,digtial skills
goal-oriented working , future-oriented
Name two strenghtens and one weakness
organised, reliable, enthusiastic, motivated, empathetic, team spirit, cooperative, digital skills, flexible and adaptable
efficienct and effective, committed, creative, goal-oriented, pro-active
organised –> survey, answers for Cssr
flexible and adaptable
weaknesses
detail-orietation –> through planning, DDLs, larger picture, imposter syndrome
can be more confident –> work on assertiveness –> learned this over the last 2 years that I can contribute and can be confident in my opinion and contribution, getting better at saying no
How do you manage tight DDL and working under pressure
write list –> paper, excel with DDL and priorities
break down into steps
hierarchy: discuss most important + pirorites
can push DDL for some
inform: taking over –> open communication
ask for help –> delegate tasks, talk, team work
find solution
You are working with a difficult colleague, how do you manage
seek conversation, establish common goal
disagreemtn is not personal – same goals
different communication approach, often a misunderstanding –> multiculutral environment
brainstorm strategies –> postiive, different ideas
write down next steps + task devision
listen to the other side –> see their perspective
if not possible through conversation: conversation with hierarchy –> neutral intermidairy
How did the European Commission become geopolitical
always geopolitical from the beginning –> grown over time and more explicit
strategic agenda + EC headline ambition –> clearly named as key priortiy
multipolar, multicrises world –> climate change, migration, energy, Russian aggression on Ukraine, China, BRI, Trum 2, HR, democracy under attack
push for EU values and norms
multliatalism and beyonf
lead in Green Deal
strong committment to deals
more strategic in EU projects –> EUropean and partners’ interest alike
Team Europe approach –> European brand –> better coordinate external action –> paradigm shift
strong + fair trade –> GG
Tell me about yourself
What motivates you
contribute to EU
inspire other people to see what the EU is doing
work with people I can learn from
contribute, share own ideas
make world better place for Europeans + global scale
EU norms, vlaues –> esp. in these times –> HR, democracy, multilateralism, leaving no one behind
learning, growing, contributing
cultural diversity at the workplace, being biligngual myself, different cultures, view points
Which added value do you bring to the European Commission
backgorund:
professional and academic –> global studies from a European Perspective, interconnections, global player, global trade, supply chains, economic, social and environemntal upgrading, mobilisation of group
worked here in INTPA for the last 2 years –> expertise in EC work processes, policy, multilateralism
working in an internaitonal environment
drafting skills
communication skills
multilingual
pro-active
digital skills
gender equality
Where do you see yourself in 5 years
policy officer, project management –> more responsiblities, team leaders, leading projects
deepen understanding of EU
make my own contirbution to the success of the EU
empower other young people to believe in EU
work closely with colleagues
take over more responsibliites
through JPP: different facets of EC –> silo breaking
policy work, lead projects
more experience, mentor young professionals
What is success to you
bring in my competencies and further develop
good feedback
content with the work I do
represent my team
learn, take on new challenges —> keep doing that
work well under pressure, co-operate + co-create
positive for othres –> transparent, clear, temaowrk
efficient, meet DDLs
contribute to EU priorities + goals
What is your greatest achievement so far
Survey, welcome pack, files for Cssr, Teams transition
What are 3 values that are important to you
collegiality, respect, clear communication/honesty, reliability, equal opportunities
Why do you want to work for the European Commission
commited to EU + Europe –> family background
lived in various EU countries –> always beneficial when different backgrounds + ideas come together
stronger together
education profie fits
What role fits best for you
policy officer
great drafting skills –> English lit, translation
multilingual
global studies –> keen understanding of various topics, economics, culture, economics, climate –> interlinkages
great drafting + researching skill
team work skills –> work together, coordinate
very organised
diligent
switch hats, adaptable + flexible, driven + detail oriented
What do you think of the Green Deal and which specific policies would you improve
Green Deal
priorities of last VDL
ambitious but importnat
climate hcange, PAris agreement, 2030 Agenda, SDGs
gorwth + industry strategy
requires significant changes to how we life, work
key: change from linear to circular economy act
New Cricular Economy Action PLan
recycling: no unified regulation in EU –> should change
a lot is still single use or still burnt, not recycled
need to build recycling capacities
link this to GG: transport, digital, green energy –> link CMR
clean tech
why are you the perfect candidate
working with unflexible colleague
car (battery) production picutre –> link to plicies
What were the policy prioritse of VDL1?
Green Deal
Digital Transformation
–> digital innovation, AI centres, fair and competitivenss market, protection of citizen’s rights
Economic Recovery
Social Europe
–> promote fair wages, social inclusion, gender equality
European Democracy
–> rule of law, fundemental rights, democratic, resilient EU
What is the DSA
digital service act, proposed 2020
pioneer in digtial policy
aim: updating regulatory framework for digital services in EU, make transparent,
seeks to address whole range of issues –> online platforms, content moderation, user rights, responsibilites of digital service providers
make safer + more transparent digital environemnt
how t handle illegal content
protect user rights
transparencz and accoundability about content moderation + how algorithems function
What is the GDPR
General Data Protection Regulation
strengthen control of indivuals over personal data
companies require to obtain explicit consent for data processing
What is NextGenerationEU
economic temporary recovery plan: 750bn EUR
post-covid recovers
response to economic and social consequences
focus:
digitalisatoin
green transition
reskilling of workforce to ensure a more resilient and sustainable economy
What is the European Pillar of Social Rights
fund:
ensure a fiar and inlcusive labour market and social protection systems
skills
education systems fit for the futue
What is the EU Health Union
3 pillars
1. crisis preaprdness and response
2. pharmaceutical strategy
3. EUrope’s beating cancer plan
What is the European Pillar of Social rights
set of 20 principles and rights designed to guide the development of social and labour policies in the EU
goal: fair, socialm inclusive society with equal opportunities and acess to social protection
aims:
1. equal opportunites + access to labour market
2. fair working conditions
3. social portection and inclusion
Eu does not have competenvies to national social policy making
therefore not legally binding or in the Treaty
but a political declaration
What is EU Digtial4Development
recommends mainstreaming digitalisation in EU development polict
y across 4 key policy areas
1. access to affordable and secure broadband
2. digital literacy and skills
3. digital entrepreneurship and job creation
4. digital technologies as enablers for sustainable development
What is the Gender Action PLan III GAP III (2021-2025)
ensure that all EU external action is acrively engaged in promoting gender equality and not leaving women and girls behind
circular economy and EU
EU circular Economy Action Plan launched in 2015, updated in 2020
away from linear economy model
focus: sustainable resource use, waste prevention, recycling, promote more ciruclar business models
sectors: plastics, constructions, electronics, food waste, textiles
link GG and car production
transport priorty of GG
access to CRM is vital
change from combustion engine to electric cars –> currently: China is a clear winner
EU Hq companies account for 45% of global R&D investment –> a lot more than China, Japan, USA
EU investment in ICT software = small
EU corporate R&D investments:
1. 34.2% automotive
19.3% health
14% ICT hardware
7.8% ICT software
EV: need 6* more CRM than fossil fuel cars
past few years: CRM export increased by almost 50%
China: a lot cheaper to prodcue EVs –> battery production: 30% cheaper in China than in Europe –> China has more expertise and state aid (visible + invisible subsisides, roughly 9* more than OECD countries)
battery production very different than engine –> China has expertise, with battery: 39% of new cost compennt but also highest value component
EV cars: China dominates 65% of market!
battery market: 89% China
electrodes:87-96% China
chemicals: dominance market
mining: not China –> as not as many CRm in the country
EU specialised on high-energy battery vs China on low-energy batteries –> EU plateaus, China grows
G7 reaction: tarrifs
until now: Africa is CRM exporter –> not able to process it in Africa –> GG can help change that –> move up the value chain–> build capacities e.g. education
digitalisation of custom procedures
transition is deep and disruptive, esp. for European companies
discussion: Strategic Dialogue on the Future of the Atuomotive Industry in Europe
still: drives innovation, supports millions of jobs, largest private investor in R&D –> auto sector = European pride + propserity driver
13.8ml jobs (2.6 mil in direct manufacturing), 6.1% of Eu employment
among biggest word@s producers of motor vehicles –> links to steel, chemicals, textiles, ICT, repair, monility services
7% of European GDP
but: 80% of growth expected to occur outside the EU
EU focusshould be on concluding and enforcing preferential trade and investment agreemtns –> access to 3rd markets, continue benefiting from economic of scale
mobility eco-system: entire value chian of automotive, waterborne, rail and bike
crucial for economic growth and jobs
high level of innovation and collaboration across sectors
linked to following value chains:
digtial, electronics, enrgy intensive industries, textile econsystem
pressures: green mobility, rising competition, new regulation —> need green and digtial transformation
EVs, smart and clean autonomous vehicles
European battery production = strategic imperative for clean energy treansition and competitiveness
4 key areas of imporvement:
smart regulatoin
international harmonisation
bilateral regulatroy dialogues
access to finance and market
access to support SMEs
What is Europe’s AI strategy
build first AI factories –> bild 1.5 bn EUR, combining national and EU funding
50% from EU Digital Europe programme for AI infrastrcutre, Horizion Europe for AIF services
–> new AI-optimised supercomputers
deployment 2025-26
goal: Ai-start ups to innovate and scale up
comibnr: compting power, data, talent
key sectors: health and life sciecne, manufacturing, climate and environment, automotive and autonomous systems, cybersecurity, agri-tech and agrifood, education, arts and culture, green economy, space
European Defense
1bn EUR bost in R&D
EDF 2021-27:7.3bn EUR
5th annual Work Programme for European Defence Fund (EDF)
What does the new Competitiveness Compass say
basis: Draghi report
3 pillars
1. closing innovation gap
–> new tech, start-up, AI –AI-Gigafactories, “Apply AI” initative –> dedicated EU start-ups and scale-up strategy
2. joint roadmap for decarbonisation and competitveness
–> upcoming Clean Industrial Deal –> with competitivness driven approach –> aim: EU attractive location for manufacturing and promote clean tech and circular economy business model; Affordable Energy Action PLan to bring down own energy prices and costs; industrial Decarbonisation accelerator Act will extent acellerated permitting to sectors in transition
3. reducing excessive dependencies and increasing security
–> diversify and strengthen European supply chains
–> new range of Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships to secure supply of CRM, clean energy, sustainable transport fuels and clean tech from across the world, review public procurement rules
5 enablers:
1. simplify regulatory and adminstrative processes
2. new single market strategy
3. European savings and investment union
4. union of skills w/ focus on investment, adult and life long learning, future-proof skills creation, skill retention
5. Competitiveness coordination tool to ensure implementation at EU and national levels and shared EU objectives
R&D private investments:
1. USA 42.3%
2. EU 18.7%
China 17.1%
What are the main aims of the EU
article 3, Lisbon Treaty
promote peace, its values, well-being of citizens
offer freedom, security, justice without internal bordres
extrenal poarders: regulate asylum and migration, combat crime
estbalish internal market
achieve SD
–> based on economic growth and price stability
–> hihgly competitive market economy with full employment and social progress
rptoect and imporve quality of environment
promote sicentific and technological progress
cobact social exclusion and discripimintation
promote social justice and protection, equality btw men and women, protection of the rights of children
enahnce ecnomic, soical, territorila cohesion and solidarity among EU countries
respect its rich culutre and linguistic diversity
establish economic and monetary union , with EU currency
What is the role of EU in the world
uphold and promote its values and interests
contribute to peace and security and sustainable development
contribute to solidarity and mutual respect among peoples, free and fair trade, eradication of poverty, protection of HR
strict observance of international law
what are the EU values, according to article 2 of the Lisbon Treaty and EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Human Dignity
Freedom
Democracy
Equality
Rule of law
Human Rights
What is Global Gateway, in short
past 5 years, EU revamped its development model –> evolving geopolitical and geoeconomic landscape and global challenges
from donor-recipient dynamic to mutually beneficial partnerships
embodied in GG investment strategy, launched in 2021
goal: EU positions itself in contested international environment
–> increase scale, impact, visibility of actions
by 2027: mobilise 300bn EUR in sustinable public and private investment through GG
2021-27: 179 bn EUR in partner countries mobilised
advancing on 225 flagship projects
breakdown EC;50 bn EUR
MS, EIB, EBRD: 129bn EUR
GG: 5 priorities
- Climate and Energy
investment in renewable energy and infrastructure
–> Namibia: green hyrdogen facilites
harness wind + scolar power, rare earth resources
–> Costa Rica: national decarbonisation plan - Digital Transition
–> EU launched 5 Digital Economy Packages –> e.g. philippnes, LAC - Transport Connectivity
improve infrastructure and regulatory frameworks –> e.g. Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor, Lobito corrdior - Health
–> initative on vaccines and medicines
focus on Africa
boost resilience in face of global health crisis - Education and Research
EU increased investement in education from 7 oto 13%
emphasis: gender equality and teacher trainig
e.g. Regional Teachers Intiative for Africa
goal: 14 mil travhers by 2030
goal: universal priamry and secondary education
What are recent EU successes
Eu engagement in fragile contexts and countries –> address root causes of migration and fragility, support basic needs and livelihoods of populations
–> Pact on Migration and Asylum
support SDs –> strengthen mulilatral engagement with global instistutions –> UN, G7, G20, IFIs
Glboal Partnerships for Education 2021-27 –> 700 mil eur global health, education, equality
427mil EUR Pandemic Fund
300 mil Eur Vaccine Alliance (for poorest countries)
2023 Samoa Agreement –> African Caribbean, Pacific States
