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Theoretical Foundations in Nursing > Joyce Travelbee > Flashcards

Joyce Travelbee Flashcards

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1
Q

ranges from a feeling of unease to extreme torture, and varies in intensity, duration and depth

A

Suffering

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2
Q

Suffering ranges from a feeling of unease to extreme torture, and varies in

A

intensity, duration and depth

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3
Q

is the means through which the purpose of nursing is fulfilled

A

Human-to-human relationship

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4
Q

is a therapeutic human-to-human relationship formed during illness and experience of suffering

A

interpersonal process

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5
Q

what is Joyce Travelbee’s theory

A

Human-to-Human Relationship Model of Nursing

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6
Q

is an interpersonal process because it is always concerned with people either directly or indirectly

A

nursing

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7
Q

the “people” nurses are concered with include

A

ill and healthy individuals, their families, visitors, personnel and members of the allied discipline

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8
Q

nursing is also a “_________”, by that we mean it is an “____________” or a happening, or series of happenings between an nurse, an individual, or group of individuals in need of the assistance a nurse can offer.

A

process; experience

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9
Q

occur as a result of the impact of one individual on the other

A

change

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10
Q

Travelbee proposed two different criteria of health:

A

subjective and objective

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11
Q

is defined individually, i.e., in accord with each person’s appraisal of his physical-emotional-spiritual status as perceived by him.

A

subjective health

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12
Q

is highly individualistic

A

subjective health

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13
Q

implies that a person is as healthy as he percieves himself to be at any given time

A

subjective health

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14
Q

an absence of discernible, disease, disability, or defect as measured by physical examination, laboratory tests, assessment by a spiritual director or psychological counselor

A

objective health

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15
Q

when the physical-psychological-spiritual aspects fall within what is considered a normal range in our society, the individual is judged

A

healthy

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16
Q

the person making judgement of “objective” health ay be a

A

physician, psychiatrist, priest, rabbi, or minister

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17
Q

an experience or series of experiences between the human being who is the nurse and an ill person, or an individual in need of the services of the nurse

A

human-to-human relationship

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18
Q

a major premise of Travelbee’s work is that there is

A

an utter uniqueness to every individual

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19
Q

the language of love is

A

universal and needs no interpreter

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20
Q

is a stereotype and a category

A

patient

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21
Q

refers to the diminishing capacity to percieve ll persons as human beings accompanied by increasing proclivity to perceive ill persons as an “illness,” or as a task” to be performed, instead of as human beings.

A

process of human reduction

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22
Q

the most common emotional response an individual feels when subjected to the frustration of dehumanization is

A

anger

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23
Q

is a feeling of displeasure which ranges from simple transitory mental, physical, or spiritual discomfort to extreme anguish, and to those phases beyond anguish

A

suffering

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24
Q

phases beyond anguish

A
  • The Malignant Phase: Despairful “Not Caring”
  • The Terminal Phase: Apathetic Indifference
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25
Q

is experienced when the individual has suffered mentally, physicallu, or spiritually too intensely, over too long a period of time, without assistance and ithout sycrease of suffering.

A

Despairful “Not Caring”

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26
Q

occurs when the individual progresses beyond the stage of despairful “not-caring”

A

Apathetic Indifference

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27
Q

Such an individual does not complain; neither does he bitterly express the angry feelings of hopelessness so typical during the phase of despair.

A

Apathetic Indifference

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28
Q

is an interpersonal emergency and calls for immediate concerted action

A

Despairful “Not Caring”

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29
Q

is experienced when the individual encounters various types of distressing diffulculties

A

suffering

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30
Q

reactions to suffering and illness can e classified into two broad categories:

A

the “Why me? reaction; and the “acceptance reaction” or the “why not me” typeof reaction

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31
Q

this reaction is probably the most common of alll responses to suffering and illness

A

Thw “Why Me” Reaction

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32
Q

the source of this reaction is probably nnacceptance of the experience of illness and suffering

A

The “Why Me” Reaction

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33
Q

An individual may blame himself or his loved one for causing or being exposed to illness

A

blaming

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34
Q

The peson may wonder why this illness or suffering happened to him. He may wonder why he was singled out or “picked out”

A

Bafflement

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35
Q

is defined as anger turned inward toward the self

A

depression

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36
Q

there are times when aan ill person may feel a deep, surging, almost overwhelming desire to be well again

A

longing

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37
Q

depression and the frustrations resulting from unfulfilled longing may also induce ____________________ in the ill person

A

self-pitying behavior

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38
Q

is engendered and a general “I-fee-orry-for-myself attitude is displayed

A

Self-pity

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39
Q

is probably anger rurned inward toward the self

A

self-pity

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40
Q

is the least common of all responses to suffering and ill

A

The “Acceptanc Reaction”

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41
Q

i sbale to recieve suffering and illness without protest, and in osm rare instances, is able to make an affirmative response to these conditions

A

The “Acceptance Reaction”

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42
Q

is a mental state characterized by the desire to gain an end or accommplish a goal combined with some degree of expectation that what is desired or sought is attainable

A

hope

43
Q

is a sense of the possible

A

hope

44
Q

Differentiation and Characteristics of Hope

A
  • hope is strongly related to dependence on others
  • hope is future-oriented
  • hope is related to choice
  • hope is closely related to trust and perseverance
  • hope is related to courage
45
Q

help or the cooperation of others is required in order to survive. The ill and suffering human being depends on others and hopes for their assisstance even tho he may not wish to ask for help

A

hope is trongly related to dependence on others

46
Q

the individual who hopes desired a change i his present life situation.He is, in effect dissatisfied and finds little comfort in living in the now of the present moment

A

hope is future-oriented

47
Q

the hoping individual believes he has some choices available to him. when a person hopes he perceives some alternatives of avenues of escape in the situation

A

hope is related to choice

48
Q

the act of desiring to possess something or condition, accomplis a task or undergo an experience

A

wishing

49
Q

is a component of hoping but it is differentiated from hope only on the basis of probability of attaining the object of one’s wish

A

wishing

50
Q

is to desire the improbable or impossible and to have knwledge of the low degree of probability of ever gaining the objec of one’s wishes

A

wishing

51
Q

the individual is assured that other individuals are capable of assissting in times of distress and will probably do so

A

hope is closely related to trust and perseverance

52
Q

is the ability to keep trying to continue to work towards solving one’s problems, ameliorate one’s distress, or change one’s status or condition

A

perseverance

53
Q

is a quality which enables an individual to confront difficult experiences over a fairly long period of time and to do so without losing courage and giving up, and probably requires a strong act of the will.

A

perseverance

54
Q

the hopeful person possess courage

A

hope is related to courage

55
Q

is the ability to realize one’s inadequacies and fears and yet to persevere towards one’s goals,even though there may be a little or no certainty that the individual will be able to attain the object of hope

A

courage

56
Q

is devoid of hope

A

hopelessness

57
Q

is devoid of hope, he does not strive to slve problems, or cope with difficulties in life, because he does not really believe that any can be affected

A

hopeless individual

58
Q

takes place during every encounter the nurse has with the recipients of her care

A

Communication

59
Q

it occurs when the nurse and ill person converse with each other, as well as when each is silent

A

communication

60
Q

are methods used to accomplish the specific as well as the overall goals of nursing intervention

A

communication techniques

61
Q

techniques are valuable and useful in facilitating communication when used in a ______________ manner

A

judicious

62
Q

The judicious use of the following techniques will facilitate cmmunication:

A

Use of Open-Ended Comments or Questions
Use of the Reflecting Techique

63
Q

These are bridge phases or transition phases. They do not block communication but encourage the individual to continue speaking

A

Use of Open-Ended Comments or Questions

64
Q

is probably the best known, least understood, and most popular communication technique

A

the reflecting technique

65
Q

to reflect (or repeat) certain words or phrases sopken by the other person in order to facilitate communication

A

reflecting content

66
Q

are devices or methods used purposefully in nurse-patient and other situations

A

communication techniques

67
Q

occurs when a message is not recieved, or when a message is misinterpeted or misunderstood

A

communication breakdown

68
Q

can also occur when one participant in the interaction recieves and correctly interprets the message, but for some reason does not wish the other person to know that the message has been understood

A

communication breakdown

69
Q

major causes of communication breakdown and distortion

A
  1. Failure to perceive the ill Person as a Human Being
  2. Failure to recognize levels of meaning in communication
  3. Failure to listen
  4. Using value statements without reflection
  5. Cliches and automatic responses
  6. Accusing, blaming and teasing
  7. Failure to Interrupt
70
Q

a stadardized mental pcture, representing an oversimplified opinion, or uncritical judgement

A

stereotype

71
Q

a conception or opinion previously formed

A

preconception

72
Q

Human-to-human relationship is established after nurse and recipient of her care have progressed through four preceding interlocking phases:

A
  1. original encounter
  2. emerging identities
  3. empathy
  4. sympathy
    *5. rapport
73
Q

Phases Leading To The Establishment of a Hman-to-human Relationship

A

(1) Phase of the Original Encounter
(2) Phase of Emerging Identities
(3) Phase of Empathy
(4) Phase of Sympathy
(5) Phase of Rapport

74
Q

when a nurse encounters a person for the first time, she oberves and develops inferences and value judgement about the individual, as the person usually does about the nurse

A

Phase of Original Encounter

75
Q

is the first and most important step in the nursing process

A

Observation

76
Q

is characterized by the abilty to appreciate the uniqueness of another person, as well as the ability to establish a bond with other individual

A

phase of emerging identities

77
Q

the ability to enter into, or share in and comprehend the momentary psychologcal state of another individual

A

empathy

78
Q

a process in wherein an individual is able to see beyond outward behavior and sense accurately another’s inner experience at a given point in time

A

empathy

79
Q

it is step beyond empathy in that there is a basic urge or desire to alleviate distress

A

sympathy

80
Q

this ________________________, absent in empathy, is a distinguishing characteristic of sympathy

A

desire to alleviate distress

81
Q

is a process wherein an individual is able to comprehend the psychological stae of another

A

empathy

82
Q

empathy is a ______________________ since it does not imply that the individual takes action on the basis of the comprehension which has been gained.

A

neutral process

83
Q

implies a desire to aid the other individual in order to relieve his distress

A

sympathy

84
Q

is that which is experienced when nurse and ill person have progressed through the 4 interlocking phases

A

rapport

85
Q

is a process, a happening, an experience, or series of experiences undergone simultaneusly by the nurse and the recipient of her care

A

rapport

86
Q

the nursing process consists of overlapping stages:

A

observation, interpretation, decision-making, action (nursing intervention) and appraisal (or evaluation) of one’s action

87
Q

refers to the collection of raw sensory data prior to interpretation

A

observation

88
Q

deal with the interpersonal aspects of nursing, focusing especially on mental health

A

Human-to-human Reationship Model of Nursing

89
Q

believes that humans constantly face choices and conflicts and are accountable to the choices they make in life

A

existentialism

90
Q

is the means through which the purpose of nursing is fulfilled

A

human-to-human relationship

91
Q

the reason attributed to a person

A

meaning

92
Q

is meanin-centered psychotherapy based on the assumption that meaning fulfillment in life is the best protection against emotional instability

A

Logotherapy

93
Q

the ability to use one’s own personality consciously and n full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to structure nursing interventions

A

Self-therapy

94
Q

this refers to the nurse’s presence physically and psychologically

A

self-therapy

95
Q

is an individually defined state of well-being in accord with self-appraisalof the physical emotional-spiritual status

A

subjective health

96
Q

is an absence of discernible diseases, disability of defect as measured by physical examination, laboratory tests and assessment by spiritual drector or psychological

A

objective health

97
Q

an interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists an individual, famly or community to prevent or cope with experience or illness and sufferin, and if necessary, to find meaing n these experience

A

nursing

98
Q

emotional knowledge colors impressions and perceptions of btoh nurse and patient during initial encounters

A

Phase of the origical encounter

99
Q

both nurse and patient begin to transcend the respective roles and perceive uniqueness in each other.

A

phase of emerging identities

100
Q

this phase involves sharing another’s psychological sate but standing apart and not sharing feelings. It is characterized “by the ability to predict the behavior of another”

A

phase of empathy

101
Q

sharing, feeling, ad experiencing what others are feeling and experiencing is accomplished.

A

phase of sympathy

102
Q

this phase demonstrates emotional involvement and discredits objectivity as dehumanizing. this task of the nurse is to translate sympathy into helpful nursing actions

A

phase of sympathy

103
Q

has greatly influenced hospice nursing in that hospice nurses focus on the relationships with their patients to improve quality of life

A

human-to-human relationship model of nursing

Theoretical Foundations in Nursing (10 decks)

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