Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Flashcards
1
Q
Prospective crossover clinical trial comparing transdermal with oral phenobarbital administration in epileptic cats. Heller et al. 2019
A
- 9 cats. Half study with oral pheno and second half with transdermal pheno.
- Therapeutic S-PB concentrations were achievable in some cats using TD-PB at 18 mg/kg/day q12h.
- Poor correlation between TD dosage and S-PB concentrations was observed and more dosage adjustments were required during TD administration.
- These findings necessitate close therapeutic drug monitoring if TD-PB is prescribed.
- However owners overall preferred transdermal formulation
2
Q
Feline head trauma: A CT analysis of skull fractures and their management in 75 cats. Knight et al. 2019
A
- 75 cats
- 85% has multiple fractures including mandible, upper jaw etc.
- Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of skull fractures, occurring in 89% of cats
- RTAs were also associated with high levels of concurrent injuries, particularly ophthalmic, neurological and thoracic injuries
- Mortality rate was 8% and complications were reported in 22% of cats.
- 50/50 treated surgically vs medically
- Increasing age at presentation and presence of internal upper jaw fractures were risk factors for development of complications
3
Q
MRI in 30 cats with traumatic brain injury. Caine et al. 2018
A
- 21/30 cats had a good outcome (full recovery or minor deficits only)
- 9 either died or had ongoing neurological deficits that significantly affected quality of life.
- There was evidence of parenchymal injury in only 20/30 cats, including 8/9 that had a poor outcome.
- Frequency of bilateral or multifocal parenchymal lesions on T2-weighted imaging, and mass effect, particularly caudal transtentorial herniation, was statistically significantly higher in patients with a poorer outcome.
- Concurrent soft tissue injury was noted in all cats, with a poorer prognosis statistically associated with a peripharyngeal pattern of injury and orbital trauma.
4
Q
Radiation therapy for intracranial tumours in cats with neurological signs. Korner et al. 2018
A
- 22 cats with intracranial space-occupying lesions, presenting with neurological signs and/or epileptic seizures and treated with external beam radiation therapy, were reviewed.
- In all but one cat (95.5%), neurological signs improved after radiation therapy.
- The median progression-free survival was 510 days
- The proportion free of progression at 1 year was 55.7%
- Fourteen cats died (only in five cases was death related to the intracranial tumour) and eight cats were still alive or lost to follow-up.
- Mean age was 12.0 years (± 2.3) and ranged from 6.5–16.4 years.
- Radiation therapy seems to represent a viable treatment option in cats with intracranial tumours, relieving neurological signs and improving local tumour control.
5
Q
Comparison of medical and/or surgical management of 23 cats with intracranial empyema or abscessation. Martin et al. 2018
A
- 23 cats with imaging findings consistent with intracranial abscessation and empyema
- 10 had surgery and medication, 10 had medical management only and 3 died.
- Short-term outcome showed that 90% of surgically managed and 80% of medically managed cats were alive at 48 h post-diagnosis.
- Long-term survival showed that surgically managed cases 730 days
- Long-term survival showed that medically managed cases 183 days
- But not significantly different
6
Q
Assessment of menace response in neurologically and ophthalmologically normal cats. Quitt et al. 2018
A
- 50 cats and two examiners
- The majority of visually healthy cats revealed a strong/complete menace when the contralateral eye remained uncovered,
- 40% failed when the contralateral eye was covered.
- The most reliable examination mode was achieved standing behind the cat.
7
Q
Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae in cats and its relationship to lumbosacral vertebral canal stenosis. Harris et al. 2018
A
- 13 cats with lumbosacral stenosis were retrospectively reviewed for lumbosacral abnormalities.
- Compared to 405 cats with normal CT
- Clinical signs associated with lumbosacral stenosis included lumbosacral pain, low tail carriage, difficulty jumping, and urinary or faecal incontinence.
- Duration of clinical signs ranged from 1 day to 10 months (mean 3 months).
- Cats with clinical signs, 53.8% were diagnosed with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae
- Control cats 5.9% were diagnosed with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae
- Despite lumbosacral stenosis being a rare spinal condition in cats, lumbosacral transitional vertebrae can be considered a risk factor for its development.
8
Q
A lateral approach to the feline cerebellar fossa: case report and identification of an external landmark for the tentorium ossium. Kent et al. 2019
A
- The aim of this study was to describe the use of an external landmark that defines the attachment of the tentorium ossium for planning a craniectomy to access the cerebellar fossa.
- The external landmark was defined by a line where the caudal aspect of the convexity of the cranium transitions to a flat surface in the caudal aspect of the temporal fossa
- Between the attachment of the tentorium ossium and nuchal crest exists an area adequately sized for a craniectomy in cats.
9
Q
Clinical reasoning in feline spinal disease: which combination of clinical information is useful. Mella et al. 2020
A
- 221 cats
- 44 non-lymphoid neoplasia
- 42 intervertebral disc disease (middle-aged, purebred cats with a normal general physical examination and an acute onset of painful and progressive clinical signs.)
- 34 fracture/luxation (younger cats and resulted most often in a peracute onset, painful, non-ambulatory neurological status.)
- 222 ischaemic myelopathy (older cats with a stable or improving, non-painful, lateralising, C6–T2 myelopathy.)
- 18 feline infectious peritonitis virus myelitis (Concurrent systemic abnormalities)
- 6 lymphoma (Concurrent systemic abnormalities)
- 11 thoracic vertebral canal stenosis
- 11 acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion
- 8 traumatic spinal cord contusion
- 7 spinal arachnoid diverticula
- 5 lumbosacral stenosis
- 3 spinal empyema (Concurrent systemic abnormalities)
10
Q
Imaging features of discospondylitis in cats. Gomes et al. 2019
A
- L7-S1 in 50% of cases
- MRI features included;
> Hyperintense NP on T2W (71%) and STIR (85%)
> Contrast enhancement in 100%
> Adjacent endplate involvement 77%
> T2W hyperintense adjacent soft tissue 79%
> Presence of spondylosis deforms 71%
> Narrowed or collapsed IVD 57%
> Contrast enhancement of vertebral bodies 46%
> Epidural space involvement 36%
> Compression of spinal cord and/or nerve root 36%
> Paraspinal abscessation 21%
> Most common radiological featuresollapse or narrowing of the affected IVDS (80%) and endplate erosion (60%).
11
Q
Evaluation of prognostic factors for return or urinary and defecatory function in cats with sacrocaudal luxation. Couper et al. 2020
A
- 90% regained voluntary urinary function
- Higher neurological grade was associated with decreased likelihood and longer duration of regaining urinary function.
- Cats that regained defecatory function had longer survival times than those that did not recover defecatory function.
- Defecatory outcome was not significantly associated with any other variables.
12
Q
Thoracic vertebral canal stenosis in cats: clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome. Gillespie et al. 2020
A
- 9 cats, with BSH and MN cats over-represented
- Median age 9 years
- Chronic, progressive, painful, ambulatory, T3-L3 myelopathies
- Surgery in 2 cats, both improved but one relapsed
- Medical in 5 cats with 3 getting worse and 2 improving.
-Compared with controls, affected cats had a lower vertebral canal height at multiple thoracic vertebral levels.
-Unaffected British Shorthairs had a lower thoracic vertebral canal height at multiple levels than control domestic shorthairs (P <0.05).
13
Q
Assessment of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex in neurologically abnormal cats. Paushter et al. 2020
A
- 182 cats
- 64.8% has present CTR
- 35.2% it was absent
- Only significant finding was found between spinal pain and CTR outcome (P = 0.037).
- Further evidence the CTR in cats is unreliable
14
Q
Surgical treatment of rostrotentorial meningioma complicated by foraminal herniation in the cat. Kouno et al. 2020
A
- Median overall tumour excision rate was 90.6%.
- Preoperative intracranial pressure (ICP) ranged from 15 to 32 mmHg (median 29 mmHg).
- In all cases, the ICP dropped to 0 mmHg immediately after tumour removal.
- No adjuvant therapy was required after surgery.
- The median survival period was 612 days (range 55–1453 days).
15
Q
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of phenobarbitone-associated adverse effects in epileptic cats. Marsh et al. 2020
A
- 77 cats in study and 45% of them had side effects reported.
- Sedation (89%)
- Ataxia (53%)
- Polyphagia (22%)
- Polydipsia (6%)
- Polyuria (6%)
- Anorexia (6%)
- Dose dependant; for each 1 mg/kg q12h increment of phenobarbitone, the likelihood of adverse effects increased 3.1 times.
- When a second AED was used, the likelihood of adverse effects increased 3.2 times.
