Jose Rizal and his Writings Flashcards
Jose Rizal Birthday
June 19, 1861
Where was he born?
Calamba, Laguna
Mother of Rizal
Dona Teodora Alonso
Father of Rizal
Don Francisco Mercado
Status of Rizal’s mother
Principalia Class
- able to meet foreigners
- taught Jose Rizal different languages at home
- not formally educated
Status of Rizal’s father
Industrialists class (cash crops)
Which character in the Noli was based on Rizal’s father?
Kapitan Tiago
What languages did Rizal’s mother teach him?
Spanish, English, Tagalog
From what word did the last name “Mercado” come from?
Merkado or market
Who was Jose Rizal’s European friend/pen pal?
Ferdinand Blumentritt
Ferdinand Blumentritt was a __________
European Filipinist
Why was ‘Rizal’ added to the name of the Mercaods?
to differentiate them from the others named Mercado
Which poem was allegedly written by rizal?
Sa Aking Mga Kababata
How old was Rizal when he allegedly wrote the poem ‘Sa Aking mga Kababata’?
6-8 years old
Did he really write this poem?
No
How did Rizal feel about himself when he entered school?
He felt inferior
How tall was Rizal?
4’10
What did Rizal ask from his parents to compensate for his height?
to build a gym at home
Did Rizal have an easy time transitioning from childhood to education?
No
What happened in the Cavite Mutiny (1872)?
GOMBURZA was killed
Which of the priests was Rizal’s family close to?
Father Burgos
Why was Paciano disliked in school?
Because of his affinity with father burgos
Why did he use the name ‘Rizal’ instead of ‘Mercado’?
He was advised by Paciano so that they would not be associated to each other
Why did his mother not want him to attend school in manila anymore?
She sensed he was becoming too radical
Who took him to Manila to study?
His brother
Which character in the Noli represents Rizal’s questions on why people saw education/educated people as bad?
Pilosopong Tasio
What profession did Rizal originally want?
Lawyer
Who told him to take medicine instead?
His brother
Why did his brother tell him to take medicine instead?
- More peaceful
2. Help his mother’s vision
Why did Rizal end up in politics?
to “save the Philippines”
What does Noli Me Tangere mean?
Social Cancer
Why did Pilosopong Tasio’s parents prevent him from going to school?
They were afraid he was going to become atheist
Who were Crispin and Basilio running away from?
Sacristan Mayor
Which one of the brothers was caught and killed?
Crispin
What was Sisa doing while the brother’s were in danger?
Waiting for them to come home while preparing dinner
Who suddenly appeared at Sisa’s house?
Her drunkard husband
What did Sisa’s husband do when he showed up at the house?
Ate the food she prepared for her children
What happened to Basilio after he escaped from the church?
He was shot in the shoulder by a guardia civil and ran into the forest
What was the reason Rizal put the story of Sisa, Basilio, and Crispin in the Noli?
No reason, it was an appeal to emotion for the readers.
What was Rizal trying to target in using Sisa and her children as an appeal to emotion?
The intense reaction of Filipinos to the destruction of family
Which real life person is compared to the character of Elias?
Andres Bonifacio
What did they see in the water during the fishing excursion?
Buwaya
Who dove in to fight the buwaya?
Elias
Who helped Elias with the buwaya?
Ibarra
What was Maria Clara’s reaction to the buwaya?
She fainted
How many times did MC faint?
3 times
What did Elias feel towards Ibarra after the fishing excursion?
“Utang na loob”
What did maria Clara give to the leper during the eve of chirstmas?
Her locket
Who gave this locket to her?
Kapitan Tiago
Why did maria clara not get hawa from the leper?
Means she is pure (not sure)
Who cured the leper in El fili?
Basilio
What did the leper give Basilio in exchange for being healed?
Maria Clara’s locket
Why was Kapitan Tiago happy before he died?
He saw Maria Clara’s locket again (which he gave) while Basilio was treating him
Why did Ibarra get excommunicated?
Because he attacked Padre Damaso during the luncheon
Who protected Padre Damaso?
Maria Clara
What question does the Noli try to answer?
Reform or revolution?
What question does El Fili try to answer?
What type of revolution?
What type of revolution did Simoun (Ibarra) symbolise?
violent revolution
Who symbolised peaceful revolution?
Basilio
How many years has it been since the events of Noli in the start of El Fili?
13 years
Where was the opening scene of El Fili?
Bapor Tabo
What message did Rizal want to send by contrasting Ibarra and Basilio who both experienced trauma but Ibarra (the one better off) became violent and resentful while Basilio became the hopeful one?
The youth is still the future of tomorrow
What happened to Ibarra after he did not get his way through peaceful means?
He became cynical, vengeful, and violent
How did he plan to get his violent revolution?
By triggering something primal- encouraging the upper class to oppress people and take what they love the most
Why was the church hardly mentioned in El Fili?
Focused on destroying the government not the church- the true root is the colonial power
Why was Basilio in the forest (in El Fili)?
Visiting his mother’s grave
Who did Basilio see in the forest (in El Fili)?
Simoun
What happened when Basilio saw Simoun in the forest?
He discovered Ibarra’s identity
What is El Fili about?
Ibarra trying to recruit Basilio
-can an illustrado be turned into a revolutionary?
What was RIzal’s message when Basilio refused to be recruited “wrongs are not resolved by more wrongs”?
The youth is incorruptible
Who adopted Basilio?
Kapitan Tiago
Why was Kabesang Tales a perfect recruit for Simoun?
His land and daughter was stolen (very angry)
What was Ibarra’s plan?
Anger everybody and surrond the house of Kapitan Tiago where all the rich were for the wedding celebration
What was supposed to signal the start of the revolution?
Explosion of the house (killing all officials)
What hindered Simon from the plan?
The death of Maria Clara
Where was the bomb?
In the lamp (wedding gift of Simoun)
What hindered the bomb from exploding in the house?
Basilio had a change of heart and told Isagani who grabbed the lamp and jumped into the river with it
How did they find out that simoun was ibarra?
recognised his handwriting on the card of the lamp
To whose house did Ibarra run to when he was being chased?
Father Florentino
What was Ibarra’s realisation before he died?
His plans were not for the greater good but for personal gain
What is the moral/message of the story of El Fili?
Philippine freedom/independence will not happen through violent means
What did Father Florentino do to the jewels of Ibarra?
Threw it into the water
Where and when did Rizal start writing El Fili?
October 1887 while practicing medicine in Calamba`
What is the translation of the Latin name “El Fili”?
The Subservism
Where did Rizal get the title (The Subservism)?
It is a reference of what the Spanish priests call his works
Who is El Fili dedicated to?
GOMBURZA
Why did Rizal write about what type of revolution should be done?
He found out about the revolutionary movement (KKK)
The naive Rizal wanted ____
violent revolution
The mature Rizal wanted ____
Peaceful reform
Basilio’s terrible youth but good deposition and good future represents ____
The optimism of the youth
Who did Simoun plan to get close with in order to influence him to oppress the people
Governor General
What answer did Simoun provide the people?
Revolution
Why did the enemy shift from the church to the government?
SPain was also moving away from the rule of the church in real life
What was Rizal’s conclusion?
Rizal still does not know the answer
- reform will not be able to solve anything
- violence will not be able to solve anything
- we should prepare and develop ourselves to be ready for the freedom that is coming
What did Rizal think about Philippine freedom?
He was for independence but felt like we were not ready for it
Why was el fili not fit for a filipino audience?
They wanted action and force
What was the name of the 3rd book that Rizal was planning to write (unrelated to the first 2)?
Makamisa
Why was Rizal exiled?
The book was not received well
Where was he exiled?
Dapitan
What was the name of Rizal’s final girl?
Josephine Bracken
Where did Rizal meet Josephine?
In Dapxtan while on exile
How did Rizal and Josephine meet?
Josephine’s dad asked Rizal for help with his eyesight
Why did Rizal dislike the chinese?
Chinese man outsold him in the stocking business
What advice did jose rizal give the katipunan when they tried to recruit him?
gather guns, educate yourselves, find leaders and money
Why was Rizal concerned about the Katipunan?
Because of the failure of the propaganda movement despite them being educated
Why did Rizal decide to become a military doctor in cuba?
he was concerned he would be associated to the revolution
When did the revolution break out?
While Rizal was on the way to Cuba
Where was Rizal arrested?
upon arrival at Cuba
What were the accusations against Rizal?
- That he was the honorary president of the katipunan
- That the password of the katipunan is his name
- That his picture was in the headquarters
What was Rizal’s response to the accusations?
- That he is innocent
- He does not know anything about the katipunan
- He is being framed
Who most likely framed Rizal?
Andres Bonifacio
Why is framing Rizal win/win for Bonifacio?
If he dies: he can use it as a rallying cause
If he lives: he can be used to motivate people to join as well
Why did Rizal’s death attract so much fanfare?
Illustrados don’t usually get executed
What did rizal give his sister Narcissa before he died?
Alcohol lamp with mi ultimo adios inside
What is the implication if Rizal and Josephine were married before he died?
It means he was forgiven by the church
Who were tasked to shoot rizal?
filipino soldiers
Why did only one gun have a bullet?
So they can’t revolt and shoot at people
What animal mascot of the firinf squad was present at Rizal’s execution?
a dog
Where was rizal shot?
In the back
What happened after they shot him in the back?
“Shot of grace” in the head
One theory as to why Rizal wanted to twist and get shot in the front
For posterity (so that it exits the back of his head in case it explodes)
Where was his body interred?
Unmarked grave but it was found by his sister and transferred to a different grave
Nationalism _____ people
binds
