Colonial Era Flashcards
Marked the beginning of renaissance
- Commercial Revolution
2. Age of exploration
Evidence of the shift in economy during commercial revolution
- Trade centers shifted from mediterranean to Atlantic
2. Mercantilism
Countries belonging to mediterranean vs atlantic
- Greece, Rome, Egypt
2. French, Spain, Portugal, England, Dutch
What is mercantilism?
source of wealth is dependent on gold or precious metals
5 Driving factors of the Age of Exploration
- Gold- they exhausted europe’s supply
- Technology- development of navigation and vast ships
- Religion- job to civilize, westernise, and christianise
- Craved for Asian products
- Looking for trade routes- silk roads were controlled by muslims
What do you call the vast ships the used in exploring?
Galleon
Who wrote about asian products?
Marco Polo
Why did europe invade india?
Tea
Asian products that they craved
- Curry, cinnamon, basil
- Silk
- Porcelain
- Jade
Why did they need to look for new trade routes?
Wanted to get rid of muslim middlemen
Why was Spain the forefront of exploration?
- Location- Atlantic
- Technology
- Developed their navy- Galleon
- Had expert explorers
- Had the church’s full support
What do you call Spain’s expert explorers?
Conquistadors
Where did Spain start their exploration?
South Americas
Who explored South America?
Herman Cortes
What civilisation did Herman Cortes extinguish?
Mexican Aztecs
How did the Spanish eliminate the Mexican Aztecs?
- Weapons/tactics
- Brought diseases (flu and pox)
- Quetzalcotal (Though cortes was their God)
What did the Mexicans show Herman Cortes?
El dorado which was sent to spain “El silo de oro”
What was the name of the first ship to circumnavigate the world?
The Victoria
Proportion of people who survived
18 out of 237
Which expedition named the PH
Villalobos
What was the name given to the PH and who was it named after?
Las Islas Filipinos from King Phillip II
What was the most successful expedition?
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
What did Legaspi’s expedition accomplish?
Established colonies in Cebu and manila
Who was Magellan’s chronicler?
Antonio Pigafetta
How many boats did magellan’s expedition have?
5
What was Magellan in search for?
The spice island
Where in the PH did magellan land?
Samar
Where did Magellan die
PH fuk u magellan
Why did he land in Samar/PH?
Likely due to wind and weather patterns
Name of Rajah that Magellan befriended
Rajah Kulambu and Rajah Siagu
What did Magellan give to the Rajas in Cebu
Magellan’s cross and Sto. Nino
Who opposed the Rajah’s order to help Magellan?
Datu Lapu lapu
Where did Rajah Humabon suggest that Magellan go to subdue Lapulapu?
Mactan
How many men did Magellan deploy?
49
How many men did Lapulapu have?
1500
When did the Filipinos realise the true intentions of the Spanish during the battle (Colonise not kidnap)?
When Magellan ordered them to burn the houses
Political structure of precolonial PH
Datu
Maharlika
Timawa
Alipin
What is the reponsibility of other social classes to the datu
Pay Buwis or Taxes
Description of Spain’s political structure
Theocentric
What institution holds the power in Spain?
Church
Levels of Spain’s political structure
1. Global Level Church>King>Council of Indies>(Cuba, Peru), Mexico> PH 2. National Level Royal Audencia>Governor General 3. Local Level Alkalde Mayor>Gebernador Cillo 4. Filipino Level Cabeza de Barangay
Who is incharge of the whole province
Alkalde Mayor
Who is in charge of of town and is the lowest position of the spanish?
Gobernador cillo
What position was created for the datu?
Cabeza de barangay
What position did they eventually create to replace caboose de barangay?
Kapitan
What was the job of the cabeza de barangay
Collect taxt
What was the main goal of the Spanish for the PH?
Extract wealth
Socio-economic changes that the Spaniards made
- Reduccion
- Names/Identification
- Clothing
- Houses
- Food
- Intramuros
What was at the centre of the reduccion?
Church
Who lived nearest to the church?
The wealthy and powerful
What was the reduccion?
Resettlement from barangay to reduccion or plaza
Reasons for the reduccion?
- Gold (thought gold was under the houses)
- Taxes/Payment (forced people to pay)
- Monitor the population (hard to monitor if scattered)
- Evangelize the Filipinos
How did the spaniards accomplish the reduccion?
- Fiesta- entice people to stay
- Church- established church in the centre of barangays
- Bribery
What did they bribe the men with?
- Alcohol
- Weapons
- Tobacco
What did they bribe the girls with?
- Mirror
2. Comb
How did they keep track of names/identification?
Created the cedilla personales
Person who took account of all the Spanish last names in the PH
Governor General Claveria
How did they keep track of the number of people in the reduccion?
Cedula personales
What was the significance of introducing clothing?
Used to classify social status
Clothing for girls
Camisa
Clothing for boys
Barong
Why were the clothes see through?
- So you cannot hide anything
2. To know where you’ve been
How do they make sure you are not hiding a weapon
only the Spanish can tuck in their shirts
Why did they make the Filipinana’s hard to move in?
So that they females learn to just stay at home (demoted)
What does the bahay kubo indicate?
Everything is temporary
How did the Filipinos escape the reduccion?
Bayanihan (carries kubos away)
What type of house did the Spaniards introduce?
Bahay na Bato
What were the effects of having a bahay na bato?
- Permanence
- Attachment to property
- Materialistic
Changes made on the Bahay kubo
- Windows
- Removed communal space
- Azothea
- Stairs
- Created bathrooms
Main ingredient of Spanish food
Tomato
How was food served?
Communal
How did the Spanish change the diet of Filipinos to protein?
- Forced them to grow more livestock because they needed meat
- Moved from water areas to land areas
- Hard to plant vegetables in reduccion
Difference between tsokolate a and e
a- watered down
e- made with milk/evap
Food that the spanish gave to PH
- Pastillas
- Yema
- Leche flan
- Tsokolate
- Pan de sal
Food from the chinese
- Lumpia
- Dimsum
- Bilmi
- fried rice
- chopsuey
What was the capital of the Spanish empire in Asia?
Intramuros
What does intramuros mean?
Walled city
People living outside the walls1
Extramuros
How was extramuros socially stratified?
- Quiapo- white collared jobs
- Tondo- Blue collared jobs
- Parian (market)- where chinese stayed
Where was the first parian?
Quiapo
Where did the chinese move to get away from Intramuros’ guns?
Binondo
What economic changes did the Spanish make?
- Cedula
- Polo y servicio
- Bandala System
- Enconmienda system
- Galleon trade
What was the economic purpose of the cedula?
Monitor people paying taxes
Describe polo y servicio
Forced labor
What labor did the spanish make the Filipinos do?
Soldiers or chip builders
What was the age range of the polo y servicion
16-60
Describe the bandala system
annual quotas of products from each province to be bought by spaniards but they ended up not paying
Describe the Encomienda system
Conquistadores were paid in land and people who were forced to pay taxes in goods
How long did the galleon trade last?
250 years
Which countries were part of the galleon trade?
Mexico PH or Alcapulco Manila
Effects of the galleon trade?
- Modernization of the PH
2. PH was left out of development because of the monopoly of spain
Products that arrived from Mexico to PH
- Vegetables from bahay kubo song
- xocolate
- corn/maize
- Tiangge
- Tamales
- Horse/cattle
Products from PH to Mexico
- Shells
- Fruits
- Chinese products
Which country was the intended goal of the trade?
China
Why did china agree to be part of the galleon trade?
wanted mexico’s silver
One major effect of the galleon trade
Changed the race structure
Spain>Europeans>Mestizos>Indios>Chinese
Name for the cargo hold of the galleon
Bodega
