Colonial Era Flashcards
1
Q
Marked the beginning of renaissance
A
- Commercial Revolution
2. Age of exploration
2
Q
Evidence of the shift in economy during commercial revolution
A
- Trade centers shifted from mediterranean to Atlantic
2. Mercantilism
3
Q
Countries belonging to mediterranean vs atlantic
A
- Greece, Rome, Egypt
2. French, Spain, Portugal, England, Dutch
4
Q
What is mercantilism?
A
source of wealth is dependent on gold or precious metals
5
Q
5 Driving factors of the Age of Exploration
A
- Gold- they exhausted europe’s supply
- Technology- development of navigation and vast ships
- Religion- job to civilize, westernise, and christianise
- Craved for Asian products
- Looking for trade routes- silk roads were controlled by muslims
6
Q
What do you call the vast ships the used in exploring?
A
Galleon
7
Q
Who wrote about asian products?
A
Marco Polo
8
Q
Why did europe invade india?
A
Tea
9
Q
Asian products that they craved
A
- Curry, cinnamon, basil
- Silk
- Porcelain
- Jade
10
Q
Why did they need to look for new trade routes?
A
Wanted to get rid of muslim middlemen
11
Q
Why was Spain the forefront of exploration?
A
- Location- Atlantic
- Technology
- Developed their navy- Galleon
- Had expert explorers
- Had the church’s full support
12
Q
What do you call Spain’s expert explorers?
A
Conquistadors
13
Q
Where did Spain start their exploration?
A
South Americas
14
Q
Who explored South America?
A
Herman Cortes
15
Q
What civilisation did Herman Cortes extinguish?
A
Mexican Aztecs
16
Q
How did the Spanish eliminate the Mexican Aztecs?
A
- Weapons/tactics
- Brought diseases (flu and pox)
- Quetzalcotal (Though cortes was their God)
17
Q
What did the Mexicans show Herman Cortes?
A
El dorado which was sent to spain “El silo de oro”
18
Q
What was the name of the first ship to circumnavigate the world?
A
The Victoria
19
Q
Proportion of people who survived
A
18 out of 237
20
Q
Which expedition named the PH
A
Villalobos
21
Q
What was the name given to the PH and who was it named after?
A
Las Islas Filipinos from King Phillip II
22
Q
What was the most successful expedition?
A
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
23
Q
What did Legaspi’s expedition accomplish?
A
Established colonies in Cebu and manila
24
Q
Who was Magellan’s chronicler?
A
Antonio Pigafetta
25
How many boats did magellan's expedition have?
5
26
What was Magellan in search for?
The spice island
27
Where in the PH did magellan land?
Samar
28
Where did Magellan die
PH fuk u magellan
29
Why did he land in Samar/PH?
Likely due to wind and weather patterns
30
Name of Rajah that Magellan befriended
Rajah Kulambu and Rajah Siagu
31
What did Magellan give to the Rajas in Cebu
Magellan's cross and Sto. Nino
32
Who opposed the Rajah's order to help Magellan?
Datu Lapu lapu
33
Where did Rajah Humabon suggest that Magellan go to subdue Lapulapu?
Mactan
34
How many men did Magellan deploy?
49
35
How many men did Lapulapu have?
1500
36
When did the Filipinos realise the true intentions of the Spanish during the battle (Colonise not kidnap)?
When Magellan ordered them to burn the houses
37
Political structure of precolonial PH
Datu
Maharlika
Timawa
Alipin
38
What is the reponsibility of other social classes to the datu
Pay Buwis or Taxes
39
Description of Spain's political structure
Theocentric
40
What institution holds the power in Spain?
Church
41
Levels of Spain's political structure
```
1. Global Level
Church>King>Council of Indies>(Cuba, Peru), Mexico> PH
2. National Level
Royal Audencia>Governor General
3. Local Level
Alkalde Mayor>Gebernador Cillo
4. Filipino Level Cabeza de Barangay
```
42
Who is incharge of the whole province
Alkalde Mayor
43
Who is in charge of of town and is the lowest position of the spanish?
Gobernador cillo
44
What position was created for the datu?
Cabeza de barangay
45
What position did they eventually create to replace caboose de barangay?
Kapitan
46
What was the job of the cabeza de barangay
Collect taxt
47
What was the main goal of the Spanish for the PH?
Extract wealth
48
Socio-economic changes that the Spaniards made
1. Reduccion
2. Names/Identification
3. Clothing
4. Houses
5. Food
6. Intramuros
49
What was at the centre of the reduccion?
Church
50
Who lived nearest to the church?
The wealthy and powerful
51
What was the reduccion?
Resettlement from barangay to reduccion or plaza
52
Reasons for the reduccion?
1. Gold (thought gold was under the houses)
2. Taxes/Payment (forced people to pay)
3. Monitor the population (hard to monitor if scattered)
4. Evangelize the Filipinos
53
How did the spaniards accomplish the reduccion?
1. Fiesta- entice people to stay
2. Church- established church in the centre of barangays
3. Bribery
54
What did they bribe the men with?
1. Alcohol
2. Weapons
3. Tobacco
55
What did they bribe the girls with?
1. Mirror
| 2. Comb
56
How did they keep track of names/identification?
Created the cedilla personales
57
Person who took account of all the Spanish last names in the PH
Governor General Claveria
58
How did they keep track of the number of people in the reduccion?
Cedula personales
59
What was the significance of introducing clothing?
Used to classify social status
60
Clothing for girls
Camisa
61
Clothing for boys
Barong
62
Why were the clothes see through?
1. So you cannot hide anything
| 2. To know where you've been
63
How do they make sure you are not hiding a weapon
only the Spanish can tuck in their shirts
64
Why did they make the Filipinana's hard to move in?
So that they females learn to just stay at home (demoted)
65
What does the bahay kubo indicate?
Everything is temporary
66
How did the Filipinos escape the reduccion?
Bayanihan (carries kubos away)
67
What type of house did the Spaniards introduce?
Bahay na Bato
68
What were the effects of having a bahay na bato?
1. Permanence
2. Attachment to property
3. Materialistic
69
Changes made on the Bahay kubo
1. Windows
2. Removed communal space
3. Azothea
4. Stairs
5. Created bathrooms
70
Main ingredient of Spanish food
Tomato
71
How was food served?
Communal
72
How did the Spanish change the diet of Filipinos to protein?
1. Forced them to grow more livestock because they needed meat
2. Moved from water areas to land areas
3. Hard to plant vegetables in reduccion
73
Difference between tsokolate a and e
a- watered down
| e- made with milk/evap
74
Food that the spanish gave to PH
1. Pastillas
2. Yema
3. Leche flan
4. Tsokolate
5. Pan de sal
75
Food from the chinese
1. Lumpia
2. Dimsum
3. Bilmi
4. fried rice
5. chopsuey
76
What was the capital of the Spanish empire in Asia?
Intramuros
77
What does intramuros mean?
Walled city
78
People living outside the walls1
Extramuros
79
How was extramuros socially stratified?
1. Quiapo- white collared jobs
2. Tondo- Blue collared jobs
3. Parian (market)- where chinese stayed
80
Where was the first parian?
Quiapo
81
Where did the chinese move to get away from Intramuros' guns?
Binondo
82
What economic changes did the Spanish make?
1. Cedula
2. Polo y servicio
3. Bandala System
4. Enconmienda system
5. Galleon trade
83
What was the economic purpose of the cedula?
Monitor people paying taxes
84
Describe polo y servicio
Forced labor
85
What labor did the spanish make the Filipinos do?
Soldiers or chip builders
86
What was the age range of the polo y servicion
16-60
87
Describe the bandala system
annual quotas of products from each province to be bought by spaniards but they ended up not paying
88
Describe the Encomienda system
Conquistadores were paid in land and people who were forced to pay taxes in goods
89
How long did the galleon trade last?
250 years
90
Which countries were part of the galleon trade?
Mexico PH or Alcapulco Manila
91
Effects of the galleon trade?
1. Modernization of the PH
| 2. PH was left out of development because of the monopoly of spain
92
Products that arrived from Mexico to PH
1. Vegetables from bahay kubo song
2. xocolate
3. corn/maize
4. Tiangge
5. Tamales
6. Horse/cattle
93
Products from PH to Mexico
1. Shells
2. Fruits
3. Chinese products
94
Which country was the intended goal of the trade?
China
95
Why did china agree to be part of the galleon trade?
wanted mexico's silver
96
One major effect of the galleon trade
Changed the race structure
| Spain>Europeans>Mestizos>Indios>Chinese
97
Name for the cargo hold of the galleon
Bodega
