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Hi165 > Colonial Era > Flashcards

Colonial Era Flashcards

1
Q

Marked the beginning of renaissance

A
  1. Commercial Revolution

2. Age of exploration

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2
Q

Evidence of the shift in economy during commercial revolution

A
  1. Trade centers shifted from mediterranean to Atlantic

2. Mercantilism

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3
Q

Countries belonging to mediterranean vs atlantic

A
  1. Greece, Rome, Egypt

2. French, Spain, Portugal, England, Dutch

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4
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

source of wealth is dependent on gold or precious metals

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5
Q

5 Driving factors of the Age of Exploration

A
  1. Gold- they exhausted europe’s supply
  2. Technology- development of navigation and vast ships
  3. Religion- job to civilize, westernise, and christianise
  4. Craved for Asian products
  5. Looking for trade routes- silk roads were controlled by muslims
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6
Q

What do you call the vast ships the used in exploring?

A

Galleon

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7
Q

Who wrote about asian products?

A

Marco Polo

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8
Q

Why did europe invade india?

A

Tea

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9
Q

Asian products that they craved

A
  1. Curry, cinnamon, basil
  2. Silk
  3. Porcelain
  4. Jade
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10
Q

Why did they need to look for new trade routes?

A

Wanted to get rid of muslim middlemen

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11
Q

Why was Spain the forefront of exploration?

A
  1. Location- Atlantic
  2. Technology
  3. Developed their navy- Galleon
  4. Had expert explorers
  5. Had the church’s full support
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12
Q

What do you call Spain’s expert explorers?

A

Conquistadors

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13
Q

Where did Spain start their exploration?

A

South Americas

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14
Q

Who explored South America?

A

Herman Cortes

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15
Q

What civilisation did Herman Cortes extinguish?

A

Mexican Aztecs

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16
Q

How did the Spanish eliminate the Mexican Aztecs?

A
  1. Weapons/tactics
  2. Brought diseases (flu and pox)
  3. Quetzalcotal (Though cortes was their God)
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17
Q

What did the Mexicans show Herman Cortes?

A

El dorado which was sent to spain “El silo de oro”

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18
Q

What was the name of the first ship to circumnavigate the world?

A

The Victoria

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19
Q

Proportion of people who survived

A

18 out of 237

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20
Q

Which expedition named the PH

A

Villalobos

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21
Q

What was the name given to the PH and who was it named after?

A

Las Islas Filipinos from King Phillip II

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22
Q

What was the most successful expedition?

A

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

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23
Q

What did Legaspi’s expedition accomplish?

A

Established colonies in Cebu and manila

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24
Q

Who was Magellan’s chronicler?

A

Antonio Pigafetta

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25
Q

How many boats did magellan’s expedition have?

A

5

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26
Q

What was Magellan in search for?

A

The spice island

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27
Q

Where in the PH did magellan land?

A

Samar

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28
Q

Where did Magellan die

A

PH fuk u magellan

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29
Q

Why did he land in Samar/PH?

A

Likely due to wind and weather patterns

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30
Q

Name of Rajah that Magellan befriended

A

Rajah Kulambu and Rajah Siagu

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31
Q

What did Magellan give to the Rajas in Cebu

A

Magellan’s cross and Sto. Nino

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32
Q

Who opposed the Rajah’s order to help Magellan?

A

Datu Lapu lapu

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33
Q

Where did Rajah Humabon suggest that Magellan go to subdue Lapulapu?

A

Mactan

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34
Q

How many men did Magellan deploy?

A

49

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35
Q

How many men did Lapulapu have?

A

1500

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36
Q

When did the Filipinos realise the true intentions of the Spanish during the battle (Colonise not kidnap)?

A

When Magellan ordered them to burn the houses

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37
Q

Political structure of precolonial PH

A

Datu

Maharlika
Timawa
Alipin

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38
Q

What is the reponsibility of other social classes to the datu

A

Pay Buwis or Taxes

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39
Q

Description of Spain’s political structure

A

Theocentric

40
Q

What institution holds the power in Spain?

A

Church

41
Q

Levels of Spain’s political structure

A 
1. Global Level 
Church>King>Council of Indies>(Cuba, Peru), Mexico> PH
2. National Level
Royal Audencia>Governor General
3. Local Level
Alkalde Mayor>Gebernador Cillo
4. Filipino Level Cabeza de Barangay
42
Q

Who is incharge of the whole province

A

Alkalde Mayor

43
Q

Who is in charge of of town and is the lowest position of the spanish?

A

Gobernador cillo

44
Q

What position was created for the datu?

A

Cabeza de barangay

45
Q

What position did they eventually create to replace caboose de barangay?

A

Kapitan

46
Q

What was the job of the cabeza de barangay

A

Collect taxt

47
Q

What was the main goal of the Spanish for the PH?

A

Extract wealth

48
Q

Socio-economic changes that the Spaniards made

A
  1. Reduccion
  2. Names/Identification
  3. Clothing
  4. Houses
  5. Food
  6. Intramuros
49
Q

What was at the centre of the reduccion?

A

Church

50
Q

Who lived nearest to the church?

A

The wealthy and powerful

51
Q

What was the reduccion?

A

Resettlement from barangay to reduccion or plaza

52
Q

Reasons for the reduccion?

A
  1. Gold (thought gold was under the houses)
  2. Taxes/Payment (forced people to pay)
  3. Monitor the population (hard to monitor if scattered)
  4. Evangelize the Filipinos
53
Q

How did the spaniards accomplish the reduccion?

A
  1. Fiesta- entice people to stay
  2. Church- established church in the centre of barangays
  3. Bribery
54
Q

What did they bribe the men with?

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Weapons
  3. Tobacco
55
Q

What did they bribe the girls with?

A
  1. Mirror

2. Comb

56
Q

How did they keep track of names/identification?

A

Created the cedilla personales

57
Q

Person who took account of all the Spanish last names in the PH

A

Governor General Claveria

58
Q

How did they keep track of the number of people in the reduccion?

A

Cedula personales

59
Q

What was the significance of introducing clothing?

A

Used to classify social status

60
Q

Clothing for girls

A

Camisa

61
Q

Clothing for boys

A

Barong

62
Q

Why were the clothes see through?

A
  1. So you cannot hide anything

2. To know where you’ve been

63
Q

How do they make sure you are not hiding a weapon

A

only the Spanish can tuck in their shirts

64
Q

Why did they make the Filipinana’s hard to move in?

A

So that they females learn to just stay at home (demoted)

65
Q

What does the bahay kubo indicate?

A

Everything is temporary

66
Q

How did the Filipinos escape the reduccion?

A

Bayanihan (carries kubos away)

67
Q

What type of house did the Spaniards introduce?

A

Bahay na Bato

68
Q

What were the effects of having a bahay na bato?

A
  1. Permanence
  2. Attachment to property
  3. Materialistic
69
Q

Changes made on the Bahay kubo

A
  1. Windows
  2. Removed communal space
  3. Azothea
  4. Stairs
  5. Created bathrooms
70
Q

Main ingredient of Spanish food

A

Tomato

71
Q

How was food served?

A

Communal

72
Q

How did the Spanish change the diet of Filipinos to protein?

A
  1. Forced them to grow more livestock because they needed meat
  2. Moved from water areas to land areas
  3. Hard to plant vegetables in reduccion
73
Q

Difference between tsokolate a and e

A

a- watered down

e- made with milk/evap

74
Q

Food that the spanish gave to PH

A
  1. Pastillas
  2. Yema
  3. Leche flan
  4. Tsokolate
  5. Pan de sal
75
Q

Food from the chinese

A
  1. Lumpia
  2. Dimsum
  3. Bilmi
  4. fried rice
  5. chopsuey
76
Q

What was the capital of the Spanish empire in Asia?

A

Intramuros

77
Q

What does intramuros mean?

A

Walled city

78
Q

People living outside the walls1

A

Extramuros

79
Q

How was extramuros socially stratified?

A
  1. Quiapo- white collared jobs
  2. Tondo- Blue collared jobs
  3. Parian (market)- where chinese stayed
80
Q

Where was the first parian?

A

Quiapo

81
Q

Where did the chinese move to get away from Intramuros’ guns?

A

Binondo

82
Q

What economic changes did the Spanish make?

A
  1. Cedula
  2. Polo y servicio
  3. Bandala System
  4. Enconmienda system
  5. Galleon trade
83
Q

What was the economic purpose of the cedula?

A

Monitor people paying taxes

84
Q

Describe polo y servicio

A

Forced labor

85
Q

What labor did the spanish make the Filipinos do?

A

Soldiers or chip builders

86
Q

What was the age range of the polo y servicion

A

16-60

87
Q

Describe the bandala system

A

annual quotas of products from each province to be bought by spaniards but they ended up not paying

88
Q

Describe the Encomienda system

A

Conquistadores were paid in land and people who were forced to pay taxes in goods

89
Q

How long did the galleon trade last?

A

250 years

90
Q

Which countries were part of the galleon trade?

A

Mexico PH or Alcapulco Manila

91
Q

Effects of the galleon trade?

A
  1. Modernization of the PH

2. PH was left out of development because of the monopoly of spain

92
Q

Products that arrived from Mexico to PH

A
  1. Vegetables from bahay kubo song
  2. xocolate
  3. corn/maize
  4. Tiangge
  5. Tamales
  6. Horse/cattle
93
Q

Products from PH to Mexico

A
  1. Shells
  2. Fruits
  3. Chinese products
94
Q

Which country was the intended goal of the trade?

A

China

95
Q

Why did china agree to be part of the galleon trade?

A

wanted mexico’s silver

96
Q

One major effect of the galleon trade

A

Changed the race structure

Spain>Europeans>Mestizos>Indios>Chinese

97
Q

Name for the cargo hold of the galleon

A

Bodega

Hi165 (5 decks)

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