Joints/Other Test 2 Flashcards
Disc Firmly attached to anterior and posterior SC ligaments, thickenings of the fibrous layer of joint capsule and the interclavicular ligament. Shock absorber for clavicle
articular disc of the SC joint
synovial articulation between sternal end of clavicle & manubrium, as well as 1st costal cartiliage. Saddle joint, but functions as a ball and socket joint. flexion and abduction
Sternoclavicular joint
surrounds the SC joint, including epiphysis at sternal end of clavicle.
joint capsule of SC joint
plane synovial articulation located 2-3 cm from “point of shoulder” formed by the lateral part of the acromion. flexion and abduction.
acromioclavicular (AC) joint
articular surfaces of AC joint covered with fibrocartiliage are separated by:
articular disc of AC joint
sleevelike, loose fibrous layer of the AC joint attached to margins of articular surfaces.
joint capsule of AC joint
strong, extra-articular ligament separated into conoid and trapezius ligament. anchors clavicle to the coracoid process of scapula
coracoclavicular ligament
vertical and attached to coracoid process. goes to the base of the clavicle
Conoid ligament (part of coracoid ligament)
Horizontal, and attached to the superior surface of the coracoid process extending laterally and posteriorly to trapezoid line on inferior surface of clavicle. limits flexion and abduction
trapezoid ligament (of coracoclavicular ligament)
ball and socket, synovial joint. permits a lot of ROM, but its mobility makes it unstable. flexion, abduction, extension, medial and lateral rotation. *main shoulder joint
glenohumeral joint
fibrocartliaginous ringlike structure
glenoid labrum
originates on the superglenoid tubercle of scapula. flexes elbow joint. chief extensor
tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii
broad, fibrous band running from greater to lesser tubercle. bridging over ntertubercular sulcus and converting the sulcus into a canal of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii
transverse humeral ligament
spans between acromion and coracoid process. prevents superior displacement from glenoid cavity
coraco-acromial ligament
Borders of the quadrangular space
medial: long head of triceps
lateral: humeral shaft
superior: teres minor
inferior: teres major
contents of the quadrangular space
Axillary nerve
Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
pyrimidal space inferior to the glenohumeral joint and superior to the skin and axillary fascia
axilla
borders of the axilla
Apex- cervico-axillary canal
base-concave skin, subcutaneous tissue and deep fascia
anterior wall- pec major and minor and pectoral and clavipectoral fascia associated with them. anterior axillary fold is most inferior part
Posterior wall- scapula and subscapularis anteriorly, and inferiorly by teres major and and lats. posterior axillary wall is most inferior portion
Medial wall- formed by thoracic wall and overlying serratus anterior
Lateral wall- narrow bony wall formed by intertubercular sulcus
contents of axilla
axillary artery and its branches, axillary vein, nerves of the cords & branches of the brachial plexus, lymphatic vessels and several groups of axillary lymphnodes all embedded in axillary fat.
synovial hinge type of joint, located inferior to humeral epicondyles. flexion and extension occur here.
elbow (humeroulnar) joint
pivot type of synovial joint allowing movement of head and radius of ulna. fibrous layer of the joint capsule encloses the joint and is continuous with the elbow joint. pronation and supination
proximal radio-ulnar joint
lateral and fan-like ligament that extends from lateral epicondyle of of humerus and binds distally with annular ligament.
radial collateral ligament
encircles and holds head of radius in the radial notch of ulna forming proximal radial-ulnar joint, permitting pronation and supination
annular ligament
medial, triangular ligament extending from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process, consisting of 3 bands- anterior cord like (strongest), posterior fan like (weakest) and oblique band which deepens the socket for trochlea of the humerus
ulnar collateral ligament
cubital fossa borders
superiorly: imaginary line from medial and lateral epicondyles
medially: pronator teres
laterally: brachioradialis
floor: brachialis and supinator
roof: brachial and antebrachial fascia
contents of cubital fossa
brachial artery, biceps tendon, median nerve, radial nerve, medial cubital vein and medial & lateral cutaneous nerves
condyloid synovial joint, performs flexion/extension, abbduction/adduction, and circumduction
radiocarpal joint
articular surfaces of radiocarpal joint
distal end of radius, and articular disc with proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)
ligaments of radiocarpal joint
anterior and posterior ligaments strengthen fibrous capsule. ulnar collateral ligament attaches to styloid process of ulna and triquetrium, radial collateral ligament attaches to styloid process of radius and scaphoid
pivot type of synovial joint
radioulnar joint
fibrocartilaginous, binds the end of the ulna and radius together and is the main uniting structure of the joint
articular disc of the distal radio-ulnar joint
membrane between radius and ulna. aids in pronation
interosseus membrane
holds extensor tendons in place and prevents bowstringing of the tendons when the hand is extended at the wrist.
extensor retinaculum
transverse carpal ligament that extends btw anterior prominence of outer capral bones into carpel tunnel
flexor retinaculum
what kind of joint is an intercarpal joint?
plane synovial
what are the ligaments of the intercarpal joints?
anterior, posterior, and interosseus ligaments
what actions take place at intercarpal joints?
flexion and abduction of hand occur at midcarpal joint
what type of joint are the carpometacarpal joints of digits 2-5?
plane synovial
on the thumb, what type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint?
saddle
what ligaments are at a carpometacarpal joint?
anterior, posterior, interosseus ligaments
what movements occur at carpometacarpal joints?
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction @ CMC joint of thumb, almost no movement and 2 and 3 digits, 4th digit slightly mobile, 5th digit very mobile
what type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal?
condyloid
what type of joint are the interphalangeal joints?
hinge
what passes through the carpal tunnel?
9 tendons (4 tendons FDS, 4 tendons, FDP, 1 tendon FPL), 1 nerve (median nerve)
