Anatomy 1 Flashcards
Lateral attachment (insertion) of trapezius
lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Medial attachment (origin) of trapezius
medial 3rd of superior nuchal line, EOP, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
Innervation of trapezius
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), C3 & C4 spinal nerve
actions of the trapezius
descending (superior)- elevates
ascending (inferior)- depresses middle.
Medial attachment (origin) of latissimus dorsi
spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
lateral attachment (insertion) of latissimus dorsi
floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
innervation of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8)
actions of latissimus dorsi
extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder joint. raises body during climbing
what is the medial attachment of the levator scapulae
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae
lateral attachment of levator scapulae
medial border of scapula superior to root of spine
innervation of levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve C5 and cervical C3 & 4 spinal nerves
action of levator scapulae
elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
medial attachment of rhomboid major
spinous processes of T2-T5
lateral attachment of rhomboid major
medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
innervation of rhomboid major
dorsal scapular nerve
action of rhomboid major
retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity. fixes scapula to thoracic wall
medial attachment of rhomboid minor
nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
lateral attachment of rhomboid minor
triangular area at medial end of scapular spine
innervation of rhomboid minor
dorsal scapular nerve C4 & C5
actions of rhomboid minor
retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity
serrratus posterior superior
elevates ribs
serratus posterior inferior
depresses ribs ** respiration
origin of the splenius
arises from nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae
insertion of the splenius capitis
fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
insertion of splenius cervicis
tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae
innervation of splenius
posterior rami of spinal nerves
actions of splenius
alone : laterally fle neck and rotate head to side of active muscles
together: extend head and neck
origin of iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
arises from broad tendon, iliac crest
insertion of iliocostalis
fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes
insertion of longissimus
superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions to mastoid process of temporal bone
insertions of spinalis
fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in upper thoracic region to cranium
innervation of erector spinae
posterior rami of spinal nerves
actions of erector spinae
bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengethening their fibers
unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column
origin of semispinalis
arises from transverse processes of C4-T10 vertebrae
insertion of semispinalis
superomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions spanning 4-6 segments
innervation of semispinalis
posterior rami of spinal nerves
actions of semispinalis
extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates contralaterally
origin of multifidus
arises from posterior sacrum, PSIS, aponeurosis of erector spinae, mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
insertion of multifidus
THICKEST IN LUMBAR REGION
fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinus processes of vertebrae located 2-4 segments superior to origin
innervation of multifidus
posterior rami of spinal nerves
actions of multifidus
unilateral contracion rotates to contralateral side stabilizing vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column
origin of rotatores (brevis and longus)
arise from transverse processes of vertebrae best developed in thoracic region
insertion of rotatores
superior medially to attach to junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebra immediately (brevis) or 2 segments (longus) superior to vertebra of origin
innervation of rotatores
posterior rami of spinal nerves
actions of rotatores
may function as organs of proprioreception; possible stabilize vertebrae and assist w local extension
origin of obliquus capitis inferior
spinous process of C2
insertion of obliquus capitis inferior
transverse process of c1 vertebra
innervation of obliquus capitis inferior
suboccipital nerve
origin of obliquus capitis superior
transverse process of C1
insertion of obliquus capitis superior
occiptial bone btw superior and inferior nuchal lines
innervation of obliquus capitis superior
suboccipital nerve
origin of rectus capitis posterior major
spinous process of C2
insertion of rectus capitis posterior major
lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
innervation of rectus capitis posterior major
suboccipital nerve
actions of rectus capitis posterior major
extension
origin rectus capitis posterior minor
posterior tubercle on posterior arch of C1 vertebra
rectus capitis minor insertion
medial third of inferior nuchal line
rectus capitis posterior minor innervation
suboccipital nerve
origin of SCM
lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half superior nuchal line
inferior attachment of SCM sternal head
anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
insertion of clavicular head of SCM
superior surface of medial third of clavicle
innervation of SCM
spinal accessory nerve C2, C3
actions of SCM
unilateral: laterally flex neck and rotates it so face is superiroly toward opposite side
bilateral: extends neck at atlantooccipital joints. flexes vertebrae so chin is thrust towards manubrium
origin of anterior scalene
anterior tubercles of transverse processes of c3-6 vertebrae
insertion of anterior scalene
1st rib
innervation of anterior scalene
cervical spinal nerves c4-6
actions of anterior scalene
flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib during forced expiratio
origin of middle scalene
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c4-7 vertebrae
insertion of middle scalene
superior surface of 1st rib, posterior to groove for subclavian artery
innervation for middle scalene
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
actions of middle scalene
flexes neck laterally elevates 1st rib during forced expiration
origin of posterior scalene
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c4-6 vertebrae
insertion of posterior scalene
external border of 2nd rib
innervation of posterior scalene
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves c7 & 8
action of posterior scalene
flexes neck laterally, elevates 2nd rib during forced expiration
what is the carotid sheath
tubular facial investment from cranial base and root of neck
what does the supraclavicular fossa do?
separates the 2 heads of SCM
what is the floor of posterior cervical triangle
prevertebral layer covering deep 4 muscles
levator, posterior & middle scalenes, splenius capitis
what is the roof of the posterior cervical triangle
investing layer of deep cervical fascia
spinal accessory nerve branch
CN xi
dorsal scapular nerve branch
C5
greater occiptial nerve branch
c2
suboccipital nerve branch
c1
lesser occipital nerve branch
c2,c3
great auricular nerve branch
c2,c3
transverse cervical nerve branch
c2,c3
supraclavicular nerve branch
c3,c4
phrenic nerve branch
c3,4,5
What are the borders of the posterior cervical triangle?
Posterior border SCM, anterior border of trapezius and clavicle
