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Anatomy and Physiology > Joints of the Skeletal System > Flashcards

Joints of the Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many joints are in the body?

A

320

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2
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

Immovable. Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue. No joint capsule.

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3
Q

What is a cartilagilinous joint?

A

Semi-movable. Held together by cartilage. The bones are connected by ligaments and are sometimes seperated by cartilage

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4
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Freely movable. Contains a synovial cavity containing fluid secreted by the synovial membrane.

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5
Q

What is the sagittal plane of movement?

A

Divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides. Flexion and extension normally occur in this plane

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6
Q

What is the frontal plane of movement?

A

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves. Abduction, adduction and lateral flexion.

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7
Q

What is the transverse plane of movement?

A

Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves. Rotation.

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8
Q

What is the superior plane of movement?

A

Towards the head

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9
Q

What is the inferior plane of movement?

A

Away from the head

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10
Q

What is the anterior plane of movement?

A

Closer to or at the front of the body

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11
Q

What is the posterior/dorsal plane of movement?

A

Closer to or at the back of the body

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12
Q

What is the medial plane of movement?

A

Closer to the midline or mid sagittal plane of the body

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13
Q

What is the lateral plane of movement?

A

Farther from the midline of the body

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14
Q

What is the proximal plane of movement?

A

Closer to the attached end of the limb, orgin or midline

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15
Q

What is the distal plane of movement?

A

Farther from the attached end of the limb, orgin or midline

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16
Q

What is the superfirical plane of movement?

A

Towards or on the surface of the body

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17
Q

What is the deep plane of movement?

A

Away from the surface of the body

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18
Q

What is the prone plane of movement?

A

Face down

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19
Q

What is the supine plane of movement?

A

Face up

20
Q

What is the articular joint capsule?

A

A fibrous capsule made up of the outer fibrous layer and inner synovial layer.

21
Q

What is the joint cavity?

A

Area between the two bones that forms a synovial joint

22
Q

What is the synovial membrane?

A

Secretes synovial fluid. Lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption.

23
Q

What is the articular joint cartilage?

A

Thin layer of hayline cartilage which serves to line the epiphysis of the bone

24
Q

What is a articulating bone?

A

The bones which together form the joint

25
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Are a fibrous material or connective tissue which connects bone to bone

26
Q

What is a fibrous capsule?

A

Outer layer of the synovial joint, made up of dense connective tissue

27
Q

What is a synovial membrane?

A

The inner layer of the capsule and is composed of loose connective tissue

28
Q

What is a synovial fluid?

A

Fills the joint capsule and lubricates the joint

29
Q

What is an articular cartilage?

A

Covers the articulating bones, does not bind them together

30
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

Allows movement in only one plane. Flexion and extension

31
Q

What is a gliding joint?

A

The articulating surfaces are usually flat and movement is in a sliding action. Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

32
Q

What is an ellipsoid/condyloid joint?

A

An oval shaped convex (outward) surface fits into an oval shaped concave (inward) surface. flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.

33
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

The articulating surfaces are concave in one direction and convex in the other. Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

34
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

A ball shaped end of one bone fits into a cup shapes end of another. Flexion, extension, abduction and rotation

35
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

A rounded or pointed surface fits into a ring formed by bone and ligaments. Rotation

36
Q

What is a cartilage?

A

It dense, tough, withstands compression, can be worn and torn, depnds on regular physical activity for health

37
Q

What is a hyaline cartilage?

A

Is tough, smooth and thin. Is found covering bone ends to form a joint.

38
Q

What is an elastic cartilage?

A

Has the ability to spring back into shape immediatley due to properties of elastin. Can be found in places that require maintence of specific shape

39
Q

What is a fibrocartilage?

A

It forms various shapes according to its role and it acts as a shock absorber in cartilaginous joints

40
Q

What is a tendon?

A

attaching muscle to bone and transmitting the force produced by the muscle

41
Q

What are the 5 regions of the spinal column?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

42
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

24

43
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

Is an exaggerated outward curve of the thoracic spine ‘hunch back’.

44
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Is an exaggerated inward curve of the lumbar spine.

45
Q

What is scolliosis?

A

A lateral deviation of the spine. This is more often than not a genetic disorder. Scoliosis can result from one side of the body being placed under constant stress

46
Q

What is the anterior spinal ligament?

A

These are ligaments which sit anterior to the vertebral column and help to maintain the stability of the joints between the vertebral bodies. They help prevent and resist hyperextension/excessive extension of the vertebral column.

47
Q

What is the posterior spinal ligament?

A

These ligaments are weaker than the anterior ligaments and help to prevent and resist hyperflexion/excessive flexion of the vertebral column and posterior protrusion of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc.

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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