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anatomy > joints (ch 8) > Flashcards

joints (ch 8) Flashcards

1
Q

what is a joint

A

where bone meets bone

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2
Q

functional classifications of joints

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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3
Q

synarthrosis

A

“together joints”
immovable

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4
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

“both/partial joints”
semi-movable

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5
Q

diarthrosis

A

“two/separated joint”
freely movable

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6
Q

structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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7
Q

fibrous joints are…

A

collagen connecting between bones

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8
Q

example of suture

A

skull suture

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9
Q

example of syndesmosis

A

ligaments like those in the tibia and fibula

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10
Q

example of gomphosis

A

tooth

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11
Q

cartilaginous joints are…

A

cartilage connecting the bones

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12
Q

synchodrosis

A

connection via hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

synchondrosis

A

connection via hyaline cartilage

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14
Q

example of synchondrosis

A

joints of ribs and sternum

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15
Q

symphysis

A

connection via fibrocartilage

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16
Q

example of symphysis

A

pubic symphysis

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17
Q

synovial joints are…

A

egg-like fluid between bones

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18
Q

fibrous capsules are…

A

collagen arranged in a dense manner

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19
Q

synovial membranes are…

A

simple squamous epithelium with connective tissue

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20
Q

function of synovial membranes

A

to filter/exchange synovial fluid with blood

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21
Q

articular cartilage is…

A

hyaline cartilage left over from endochondral ossification

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22
Q

function of synovial fluid

A

lubricate and nourish hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

ligaments connect…

A

bone to bone

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24
Q

ligaments are made of…

A

dense regular CT

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25
Q

tendons connect…

A

bone to muscle across a joint

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26
Q

tendons are made of…

A

dense regular CT

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27
Q

bursa means…

A

purse

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28
Q

bursas are…

A

flat sacs that contain synovial fluid

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29
Q

function of a bursa

A

to decrease friction around joints

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30
Q

a tendon sheath is…

A

a bursal sac that wraps a tendon

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31
Q

bursitis

A

damage/inflammation of a bursa

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32
Q

types of synovial joints

A

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

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33
Q

example of plane joint

A

wrist bones

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34
Q

example of hinge joint

A

elbow, knee

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35
Q

example of pivot joint

A

proximal radio-ulnar joint

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36
Q

example of condyloid joint

A

round surfaces such as the jaw

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37
Q

example of saddle joint

A

base of thumb

38
Q

example of ball and socket joint

A

hip, shoulder

39
Q

flexion vs extension

A

movement in the sagittal plane

40
Q

flexion

A

“to bend”
decreasing joint angle

41
Q

extension

A

“to straighten out”
increasing joint angle

42
Q

description of anatomical position

A

extension and supination

43
Q

hyperextension

A

beyond anatomical position

44
Q

abduction vs adduction

A

movement in the coronal/frontal plane

45
Q

abduction

A

away from midline

46
Q

adduction

A

towards midline

47
Q

rotation is oriented from…

A

the anterior portion

48
Q

right vs left

A

used for the center of the body (head, torso)

49
Q

medial vs lateral

A

used for extremities

50
Q

pronation vs supination

A

movement in the forearm (radius, ulna)

51
Q

pronation

A

when the radius and ulna cross

52
Q

supination

A

when the radius and ulna are parallel

53
Q

plantarflexion vs dorsiflexion

A

movement in foot at the ankle

54
Q

plantarflexion

A

tip-toe (foot on gas)

55
Q

dorsiflexion

A

heel walk (foot off gas)

56
Q

inversion vs eversion

A

movement in foot at the ankle

57
Q

inversion

A

sole moves medially

58
Q

eversion

A

sole moves laterally

59
Q

protraction vs retraction

A

movement of mandible, shoulder, head

60
Q

protraction

A

moving anterior/ventral

61
Q

retraction

A

moving posterior/dorsal

62
Q

elevation vs depression

A

movement of mandible, shoulder

63
Q

elevation

A

moving superiorly

64
Q

depression

A

moving inferiorly

65
Q

opposition

A

used to describe the thumb
(distal phalynx of thumb against the other fingers)

66
Q

range of motion factors

A

muscles (and their tendons) around the joint limit range of motion
fit of bones
joint capsule/ligaments

67
Q

what two characteristics of joints counterbalance each other

A

range of motion and joint stability

68
Q

shoulder joint name

A

gleno-humeral joint

69
Q

form of shoulder joint

A

shallow ball and socket joint

70
Q

stability of the shoulder joint comes from…

A

muscles (mostly)

71
Q

what do the rotator cuff muscles do

A

hold the humeral head into the glenoid

72
Q

a labrum is…

A

a lip of fibrocartilage

73
Q

the tendon of the biceps long head rests…

A

in the intertubercular sulcus/groove

74
Q

hip joint name

A

acetabulo-femoral joint

75
Q

form of hip joint

A

deep ball and socket joint

76
Q

stability of the hip joint comes from…

A

the fit and ligaments

77
Q

fit of the hip joint

A

deep socket with a large acetabular labrum

78
Q

extending the hip causes…

A

tightening of ligaments

79
Q

ligaments in the hip joint

A

ligamentum teres
ileofemoral
ischiofemoral
pubofemoral

80
Q

the knee is the ____ and ____ joint

A

largest, most complex

81
Q

form of knee joint

A

flat condyles, hinge

82
Q

stability of knee joint comes from…

A

muscles, tendons, ligaments

83
Q

ligaments of the knee joint

A

collateral
cruciate
patellar

84
Q

collateral ligaments

A

“both sides”

85
Q

cruciate ligaments

A

“crossing”

86
Q

menisci

A

pads of fibrocartilage

87
Q

what is arthritis

A

joint inflammation

88
Q

causes of arthritis

A

osteo-arthritis
rheumatoid
infection
gout

89
Q

osteoarthritis comes from…

A

wear and tear that leads to a loss of articular cartilage

90
Q

rheumatoid arthritis is…

A

an auto-immune disease in which the immune system attacks a joint

91
Q

gout comes from…

A

deposits of uric acid

92
Q

sprain vs strain

A

stretched or torn ligament vs muscle

anatomy (6 decks)

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