Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > cns (ch 12) > Flashcards

cns (ch 12) Flashcards

1
Q

steps of neural tube development

A

embryonic folding of the ectoderm on what will become the dorsal surface, encloses at cranial end to form brain, encloses at caudal end to complete spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the cranial neural tube initially forms into these three regions

A

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prosencephalon

A

means forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

subdivisions of prosencephelon

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

telencephalon

A

means end brain
assc with lateral ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diencephalon

A

means split brain
assc with 3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mesencephalon

A

means midbrain
assc with cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

rhombencephalon

A

means hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

subdivisions of rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

metencephalon

A

means added brain
assc with 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

myelencephalon

A

means spinal brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

beyond the neural tube is…

A

the spinal cord (assc with the central canal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dura mater means…

A

tough mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the dura mater is made of…

A

2 layers of dense irregular CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

layers of the dura mater

A

periosteal
meningeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the periosteal layer is…

A

against the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the meningeal layer is…

A

the deeper layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the layers of the dura mater split to form…

A

dural venous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

septae means…

A

separations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the falx cerebri is…

A

the sickle of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the tentorum cerebelli is…

A

the tent of the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the falx cerebelli is…

A

the sickle of the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

types of septae

A

falx cerebri
tentorum cerebelli
falx cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

arachnoid means…

A

spider like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the subarachnoid space contains…

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

arachnoid villi are…

A

fingerlike projections that project into the dural venous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pia mater means…

A

delicate mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

characteristics of the pia mater

A

delicate loose CT covers the CNS surface
follows each gyrus and each sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

meningitis is…

A

inflammation due to a CNS or CSF infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

severity of viral vs bacterial/fungal meningitis

A

viral - serious
bacterial/fungal - deadly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

CSF is formed by…

A

the choroid plexus (vascular network)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

tufts of capillaries are within all _____

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

capillaries are covered by _____

A

ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CSF is filtered out of _____ due to _____

A

blood, blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

flow of CSF

A

from two lateral ventricles, to the 3rd ventricle, to the 4th ventricle, to either the central canal or subarachnoid space, to the arachnoid villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

CSF gets to the 3rd ventricle through _____

A

interventricular foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

CSF gets to the 4th ventricle through _____

A

the cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

number of median and lateral apertures

A

1 median, 2 lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

in the arachnoid villi, CSF ____________

A

goes back into venous blood in dural venous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

functions of CSF

A

delivering nutrients and O2 to ependymal cells
cushioning and floating the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what are spinal taps

A

the process of obtaining sample CSF below the spinal cord in the lumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

assc fluid filled cavities of telencephalon

A

2 lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

higher functions of telencephalon

A

memory, intelligence, planning, interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

gyri means…

A

ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

sulci are…

A

shallow grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

the central sulcus consists of…

A

the frontal and parietal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the lateral sulcus consists of…

A

the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

the parieto-occipital sulcus consists of…

A

(from a median view) the parietal and occipital lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

fissures are…

A

deep grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

the longitudinal fissure is…

A

between the R and L hemispheres with falx cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

the transverse fissure is…

A

between hemispheres and cerebellum with tentorum cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

cortex means…

A

bark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

the surface gray matter of the cortex contains _____

A

somas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

motor/motor planning functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

primary motor cortex characteristics

A

on frontal lobe
homonculus - little person
face - lateral
foot - medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Broca’s area characteristics

A

on frontal lobe
located on the left side
deals with motor planning for speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

pre-frontal cortex characteristics

A

on frontal lobe
responsible for foresight (planning/attention)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

the ______ is the last part of the brain to develop at age _____

A

pre-frontal cortex, 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

primary somatosensory cortex characteristics

A

on parietal lobe
post-central gyrus
face - lateral
foot - medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

somatosensory association cortex characteristics

A

on parietal lobe
behind post-central gyrus
gives meaning to sensation

61
Q

primary visual cortex characteristics

A

on occipital lobe
responsible for general info (size, color, edges, movement)

62
Q

visual association cortex characteristics

A

on occipital lobe
responsible for interpretation

63
Q

primary auditory cortex characteristics

A

on temporal lobe
responsible for hearing (pitch, loudness)

64
Q

characteristics of auditory associated areas

A

on temporal lobe
interprets sound

65
Q

function of Wernicke’s area

A

interpreting speech

66
Q

the insular lobe is located…

A

deep to the lateral sulcus

67
Q

the gustatory cortex is responsible for ______

68
Q

white matter contains…

A

axons (most are myelinated)

69
Q

white matter is located…

A

deep to the cortex

70
Q

tracts are…

A

axon collections in the CNS

71
Q

function of commissural fibers

A

connecting the hemispheres

72
Q

example of commissural fibers

A

corpus callosum body of fibers

73
Q

association fibers are located…

A

within one hemisphere

74
Q

projection fibers run…

A

to and from hemispheres to the rest of the CNS

75
Q

somas are located…

A

deep to the white matter of the hemisphere

76
Q

basal nuclei are responsible for…

A

motor control (initiating and stopping movement)

77
Q

symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

A

resting tremors, rigidity, difficulty starting/stopping motion

78
Q

septum pellucidum characteristics

A

means separation that is clearish
located between lateral ventricles

79
Q

fornix characteristics

A

means arch
connecting band of white matter

80
Q

assc fluid cavity of diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

81
Q

thalamus means…

A

where nerves originate

82
Q

the thalamus consists of…

A

many nuclei/somas

83
Q

process of the sensory relay station

A

sense info –> synapses in thalamus –> sent to cortex

84
Q

features of the thalamus

A

shaped like a fat dumbbell
intermediate mass connects the R and L halves of the thalamus through the 3rd ventricle

85
Q

the hypothalamus contains ____ nuclei, and has ___ functions as a result

A

many, many

86
Q

functions of the hypothalamus

A

body’s thermostat, produces hormones, physical aspects of emotion, drives (thirst, hunger, sleep, sex)

87
Q

characteristics of mamillary bodies

A

means breasts
deal with memory and emotion

88
Q

infundibulum characteristics

A

means funnel
stalk of pituitary

89
Q

pituitary/hypophysis characteristics

A

means grow below
secretes hormones

90
Q

pineal means…

91
Q

the pineal is responsible for…

A

visual input (sleep/wake cycles through melatonin)

92
Q

assc fluid filled cavity of the mesencephalon

A

cerebral aqueduct

93
Q

peduncles means…

A

little feet

94
Q

cerebral peduncles consist of…

A

motor projection fibers and axons

95
Q

corpora quadrigemina means…

A

bodies of four, twins

96
Q

parts of the corpora quadrigemina

A

superior and inferior colliculi

97
Q

colliculi means…

98
Q

the superior colliculi is responsible for…

A

visual reflexes

99
Q

the inferior colliculi is responsible for…

A

hearing reflexes

100
Q

assc fluid cavity of the metencephalon

A

4th ventrivle

101
Q

pons means…

102
Q

pons characteristics

A

cranial nerves/nuclei
centers for respiratory and cardiovascular functions

103
Q

cerebellum means…

A

little brain

104
Q

the cerebellum is responsible for…

A

skeletal muscle coordination (subconscious to fine/gross motor skills)
matching intent with what is happening

105
Q

arbor vitae means…

A

tree of life

106
Q

the arbor vitae consists of…

A

white matter

107
Q

gray matter is the cerebellar _____

108
Q

folia means…

109
Q

assc fluid cavity of the myelencephalon

A

4th ventricle

110
Q

medulla oblongata means…

A

inner part - elongated

111
Q

pyramids of medulla characteristics

A

ridges - anterior
motor fiber

112
Q

decussation means…

113
Q

the medulla oblongata contains…

A

centers for respiratory and cardiovascular function

114
Q

function of the limbic system

A

emotion and memory

115
Q

location of the limbic system

A

lower hemispheres and temporal lobe (amygdala), hippocampus, diencephalon

116
Q

functional regions of the brain

A

limbic system and reticular formation

117
Q

function of reticular formation

A

alertness and arousability

118
Q

location of reticular formation

A

posterior brainstem - midbrain to medulla

119
Q

the spinal cord runs from ___ to ___

A

the foramen magnum to L1

120
Q

conus medullaris means…

A

cone inside (tapers)

121
Q

cauda equina means…

A

tail of horse (nerves in vertebral canal)

122
Q

filum terminale means…

A

file at the end (pia mater anchors the cord to the bottom of the sacrum)

123
Q

spinal taps usually occur…

A

below L1 (sample of CSF is taken from the subarachnoid space)

124
Q

why are do cervical and lumbar enlargements occur

A

extremities have lots of neurons

125
Q

average cord diameter

A

pinky finger

126
Q

meninges of the spinal cord are…

A

the same as the brain

127
Q

cross section of spinal cord

A

ventral and dorsal parts

128
Q

gray matter is ____ while white matter is ____

A

deep, superficial

129
Q

grooves of the spinal cord

A

anterior/ventral median fissure
posterior/dorsal median sulcus

130
Q

arrangement of spinal cord

A

around central canal

131
Q

ventral horn characteristics

A

motor neuron somas
alpha motor neurons to skeletal muscle

132
Q

dorsal horn characteristics

A

sensory association neuron somas

133
Q

lateral horn characteristics

A

thoracic
autonomic sympathetic motor neuron somas

134
Q

gray commissure is located…

A

around the central canal

135
Q

white matter consists of…

A

myelinated axons

136
Q

funiculi means…

137
Q

columns of white matter

A

ventral
dorsal
R and L lateral

138
Q

tracts are…

A

collections of axons in the CNS

139
Q

ascending tracts are ___, while descending tracts are ___

A

sensory, motor

140
Q

motor functions occur in the ___

141
Q

function of the lateral corticospinal tract

A

mechanism of getting info from the cortex to the spine

142
Q

column of the lateral corticospinal tract

143
Q

pathway of the lateral corticospinal tract

A

descending motor

144
Q

run of the lateral corticospinal tract

A

cortex –> cerebral peduncles –> pyramids –> decussation –> lateral column to ventral horn

145
Q

function of the lateral spinothalamic tract

A

pain stimuli

146
Q

column of the lateral spinothalamic tract

147
Q

pathway of the lateral spinothalamic tract

A

ascending sensory

148
Q

run of the lateral spinothalamic tract

A

unipolar sensory neuron –> dorsal horn sensory assn neuron

anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions