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BIO 131 Exam 2 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

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1
Q

Sites where bones meet

A

Joints

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2
Q

Weakest part of the skeleton

A

Joints

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3
Q

Can also be called articulations

A

Joints

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4
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Immovable joints (e.g. sutural bones) called synarthroses

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5
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Slightly movable joints (e.g. ribs while breathing) called amphiarthroses

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6
Q
  • Acts as “cushion” at the ends of bones
  • Reduces friction and absorbs shock
A

Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)

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7
Q

Synovial joints

A

Freely moving joints called **diarthroses **(e.g. knees)

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8
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immovable (fibrous) joints

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9
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable (cartilaginous) joint

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10
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely moving (synovial) joint

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11
Q

Freely moving joints

A

Synovial joints called diarthroses

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12
Q

Slightly movable joints

A

Cartilaginous joints called amphiarthroses

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13
Q

Immovable joints

A

Fibrous joints called synarthroses

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14
Q

Articulating bones separated by a fluid filled cavity

A

Synovial joints (also called diarthroses)

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15
Q

5 parts that make up the general structure of a synovial joint

A
  • Articular (hyaline) cartilage
  • Articular capsule (joint capsule)
  • Synovial cavity (joint cavity)
  • Synovial fluid
  • Reinforcing ligaments
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16
Q

Bag of lubricant closely associated with a joint to reduce friction

A

Bursa

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17
Q

“Wrapper” around a tendon

A

Tendon sheath

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18
Q
  • Reinforcing ligaments that hold a joint together become stretched or torn
  • Healing is slow due to poor vascularization
A

Sprain

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19
Q
  • Bone is forced out of its normal position
  • Accompanied by sprains and inflammation
A

Dislocation

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20
Q

Inflammation of a bursa from excess friction/stress (e.g. repetitive motion)

A

Bursitis

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21
Q

Joints that allow us to move

A

Synovial joints/Diarthroses

22
Q

Made up of hyaluronic acid and a filtrate of blood plasma

A

Synovial fluid

23
Q

Viscous (thick) part of synovial fluid

A

Hyaluronic acid

24
Q

Watery part of synovial fluid

A

Filtrate of blood plasma

25
Q

Watery part of blood that contains no blood cells

A

Blood plasma

26
Q

Ligaments that keep a joint “in line”

A

Reinforcing ligaments

27
Q

Example names include: “medial collateral ligament” and “lateral collateral ligament”

A

Reinforcing ligaments

28
Q
  • Has a fibrous outer layer and a synovial membrane inner layer
  • Keeps synovial fluid in
A

Articular capsule (joint capsule)

29
Q

Bags of lubricant that reduce friction during joint activity

A

Bursae

30
Q

Crescent-shaped cartilage disk (“coaster”/”shim”) prone to injury

A

Meniscus

31
Q
  • Type of injury common to the meniscus of the knee
  • Cannot heal itself
  • May need to surgically remove damaged part
A

Cartilage injuries

32
Q

Most common form of arthritis

A

Osteoid arthritis

33
Q

Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting connective tissue

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

34
Q

Possible causes of rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • Transient infection
  • Autoimmune disease
  • Genetic predisposition (hereditary)
35
Q

Possible treatments for rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • Anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Exercise (to build up stabilizing muscles)
  • Steroid therapy
  • Joint replacement (if appropriate)
36
Q

Blood levels of uric acid rise; urate crystals deposited in soft tissue

A

Gouty arthritis (Gout)

37
Q

Possible treatments for gouty arthritis

A
  • Avoid alcohol
  • Avoid rich foods
  • Cholchicine (kol-chi-sin)
38
Q

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

39
Q

Possible treatments for scoliosis

A
  • Serious cases = a body brace
  • Otherwise just physical therapy or no treatment necessary
40
Q

Possible causes of scoliosis

A
  • Abnormal vertebrae (e.g. bigger on one side)
  • Paralysis of muscles on one side
  • Muscles on one side stronger than the other (e.g. from carrying heavy backpack)
41
Q

Excessive concave curvature of the thoracic region of the spine

A

Kyphosis

42
Q

A.k.a. “Dowagers Hump”

A

Kyphosis

43
Q

Accentuated convex curve of the lumbar vertebrae

A

Lordosis

44
Q

A.k.a. “Swayback”

A

Lordosis

45
Q
  • Slow and irreversible form of arthritis that is common in the elderly
  • Degenerative condition caused by “wear and tear” on all articular cartilage
A

Osteoid arthritis

46
Q

How bendable a joint is

A

Flexibility

47
Q
  • Class of synovial joint in which flat bone surfaces glide against each other
  • E.g. vertebrae
A

Gliding joint

48
Q
  • Class of synovial joint that can only move in one plane like a door hinge
  • E.g. toe knuckles or the knee
A

Hinge joint

49
Q
  • Class of synovial joint in which a slightly convex (bulged out) part of one bone sits in a slight depression (concavity) on the next bone
  • E.g. metacarpal-to-phalanx
A

Condyloid joint

50
Q
  • Class of synovial joint in which a rounded head fits into a cuplike socket
  • E.g. shoulder and hip
A

Ball and socket joint

BIO 131 Exam 2 (4 decks)

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