Joints Flashcards
point of contact between bones or between bones and cartilage
articulation
immovable joints
synarthoses
slightly moveable joints
ampiarthoses
mostly moveable joints
diarthoses
no joint cavity and made of fibrous connective tissue
fibrous
classification by type of connective tissue at the joint and whether or not there is space between the bones
structural classification
classification based on the amount of movement at the joint
functional classification
exist only in the skull
sutures
has a connection that uses a ligament
syndesmoses
holds the teeth in place
gomphoses
types of fibrous joints
sutrues, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
type of joint held together by cartilage
cartlaginous
connected by hyaline cartilage.
synchondroses
examples of a synchondroses
the first rib being connected by hyaline cartilage and the epiphyseal plates
synchondroses are made of what
hyaline cartilage
joint that uses fibrocartilage
symphyses
example of a symphysis
the intervertebral disks
type of joint where there is space between the articulating bone
synovial
extension of the periosteum from the two bones.
fibrocapsule
what is the fibrocapsule made of
dense irregular connective tissue
inner part of the fibrocapsule
synovial membrane
what is the synovial membrane made of
areolar connective tissue
acts as a cushion to prevent friction in joints.
synovial fluid
what are ligaments made of
connective tissue
what do ligaments do
add strength to the joint
what are menisci
extra cushion in synovial joints
what are menisci made of
fibrocartilage
sac that has fluid
bursae
what does the bursae do
prevent things from rubbing against each other
where can bursae be found
between ligaments and bone, skin and bone, and bone and bone
fluid filled sac between bone and tendons
tendon sheath
what are some factors limiting movement (5)
non-boney parts, articulating bones, number of ligaments, tension of ligaments, and muscle tone
type of movement where surface of two bones glide across each other
gliding
examples of gliding movement
inter carpal or inter tarsal or intervertebral
types of cartilaginous joints
synchondroses and symphyses
type of movement that incr or decr the angle between two bones
angular
decr the angle between two bones
flexion
brings bones closer together
flexion
incr the angle between two bones
extension
extend beyond anatomical position
hyperextension
when the distal end of the bone moves in a circle around the proximal end of the bone
circumduction
movement of the bone around its own longitudinal axis
rotation
anterior surface of the bone toward the midline
medial rotation
anterior surface of the bone away from the midline
lateral rotation
rotating the ankle up
inversion
sole of the foot outward
eversion
push the clavicle or mandible forward
protraction
movement of the palm up with the elbow bent
supination
turning the palm downward
pronation
movement of the bone up
elevation
movement of the bone down
depression
most human movement
opposition
forcible twisting of a joint.
sprain
tearing of the attachment of the joint
sprain
displacement of the joints at a joint
dislocation
tearing of the capsule
dislocation
what is bursitis caused from
bursae accumulation
what does bursitis result from
trauma
inflammation of the tendon sheath
tendonitis
what does tendonitis result from
overuse
inflammation of a joint
arthritis
wear and tear disease
osteoarthritis
what can osteoarthritis be caused from
obesity
autoimmune disease when the immune cells attack the synovial membrane.
rheumatoid arthritis
accumulation of salt crystals between the joints
gouty arthritis
what is the accumulation of salt crystals in gouty arthritis caused from?
an accumulation of uric acid in the blood. (Na ions combine to form Na urate salts)
